Neutralisation reactions

• What types of bases are discussed in the video?

  Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates
• What do reactions between acids and bases produce?

  Salt and water
• What is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium oxide?

  Sodium chloride and water
• How do you balance the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium oxide?

  Combine sodium and chloride ions to form NaCl
• What is produced when sulfuric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?

  Potassium sulfate and water
• What is the formula for potassium sulfate?

  K₂SO₄
• What additional product is formed when acids react with metal carbonates?

  Carbon dioxide
• What happens when nitric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?

  Calcium nitrate, water, and carbon dioxide form
• How do you determine the correct ratio of ions when forming calcium nitrate?

  Two calcium ions for every two nitrate ions
• What must be checked after a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

  Ensure the reaction is balanced
• What is the first step to make a soluble salt from an insoluble base?

  Place dilute acid in a beaker and heat
• What happens when you add insoluble base to the heated acid?

  It disappears as it reacts
• How do you know when the acid has been neutralized?

  Excess base remains undissolved
• What is the purpose of filtering the mixture after the reaction?

  To remove excess insoluble base
• What is done to obtain pure solid crystals of copper chloride?

  Evaporate off some water gently
• Why should you avoid using a Bunsen burner to heat the solution too much?

  To prevent damaging the salt
• What happens when the solution cools after evaporation?

  More crystals of salt form
• What is the final step after filtering the crystals?

  Dry the crystals with filter paper
• What is the general process for making soluble salts from insoluble bases?

  1. Heat dilute acid in a beaker.
  2. Add insoluble base gradually until excess remains.
  3. Filter out excess base.
  4. Evaporate water to form crystals.
  5. Dry the crystals.
• What are the key products of neutralization reactions between acids and bases?

  • Salt
  • Water
  • Carbon dioxide (with carbonates)
• What precautions should be taken when heating solutions to form crystals?

  • Avoid overheating to prevent salt damage
  • Use gentle heating methods
  • Monitor for crystal formation