Factors affecting rates of reactions and collision theory

• What are the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?

  Temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area, catalyst
• What is the theory behind chemical reactions called?

  Collision theory
• What must particles do to react according to collision theory?

  Collide with sufficient energy
• What is the term for the minimum energy required for a reaction?

  Activation energy
• What happens if particles collide with less energy than the activation energy?

  They bounce apart without reacting
• What two main factors determine the rate of a chemical reaction?

  Energy of particles and collision frequency
• How does increasing the energy of particles affect the rate of reaction?

  It increases the likelihood of surpassing activation energy
• What does collision frequency refer to?

  How often particles collide with each other
• How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?

  Higher temperature increases particle energy and collisions
• What happens to particles as temperature increases?

  They move faster and collide more frequently
• How do concentration and pressure affect the rate of reaction?

  They increase the number of particles per volume
• What is the effect of higher surface area on the rate of reaction?

  It increases the frequency of collisions
• How would powdered magnesium react compared to a solid block of magnesium?

  Powdered magnesium reacts faster due to higher surface area
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up a reaction
• How do catalysts affect activation energy?

  They lower the activation energy required
• What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction profile?

  It provides an alternative reaction pathway
• Which metals are common sources of catalysts?

  Cobalt and nickel
• What are enzymes?

  Catalysts made by living organisms
• What are the effects of temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area, and catalysts on the rate of reaction?

  • Temperature: Increases energy and collision frequency
  • Concentration: More particles per volume increases collisions
  • Pressure: Similar to concentration for gases
  • Surface Area: Higher area increases collision frequency
  • Catalysts: Lower activation energy, increase successful collisions
• How do energy and collision frequency relate to the rate of reaction?

  • Higher energy increases likelihood of surpassing activation energy
  • Increased collision frequency leads to more successful collisions
  • Both factors together enhance the overall reaction rate