Animal studies

• Explain Lorenz procedure


  Goose eggs were randomly divided, 1/2 were hatched with their mother present in a natural enviroment. 1/2 were hatched in an incubator with lorenz being the first object they saw.
• Explain Lorenz findings


  Baby geese imprinted the first living objects they saw, geese followed lorenz and peformed matting rituals on him. Identified a critical attachment period of 18 hours after birth. If geese did not imprint in time they did not form healthy attachments.
• Explain Guiton's support


  Chicks imprinted on the first item they saw (a rubber glove used for feeding). They peformed mating rituals on the glove. Showing that imprinting is linked to reproductive behaviour.
• Explain Guiton's refute


  Chicks learnt to mate with other chicks over time - imprinting can be reversed. Suggesting impact on mating was not serious.
• Explain extrapolation of data

  Animals are not the same as humans we are much more complex given our cognitive and emotional abilities. Results must be used with caution.
• Explain Harlow and Harlow's procedure

  In a controlled enviroment, infant monkeys were reared with two mother surrogates. One was wire and provided food and the other was cloth and provided comfort. Behaviour was observed and time spent with each mother was recorded.
• What were the long term effects on the monkeys?

  Poor sociability and relationship to offspring.
• What were the results of Harlow and Harlow's experiment?

  Monkeys spent 18 hours with the cloth mother and only 1 hour with the wire mother. Monkeys relied on the cloth mother when scared, showing contact was more important than food. The critical attachment period is 90 days.
• Describe Harlow and Harlow's future experiments

  Maternal deprovation was investigated when monkeys were only exposed to a wire mother. They were aggressive, unsociable, unskilled at mating and even attaked and killed their children.
• Explain major issues with lack of standardisation of Harlow and Harlow's study

  The two mothers had completly different heads, decreasing validity. the comfort monkey had a more realistic face, which may be why monkeys spent more time there.
• Explain the Theoretical and practical value of Harlow and Harlow's study

  It contributed greatly to attachment theories, demonstrating the importance of comfort over food and stable attachments for success in future relationships. Social workers used this study to understand factors of child abuse and neglect.