Naturally occurring polymers

• What are naturally occurring polymers?

  Polymers that exist naturally in the environment
• What are polymers made of?

  Long chains of smaller molecules called monomers
• Name one type of naturally occurring polymer discussed.

  Polypeptides
• What are polypeptides made of?

  Lots of amino acids
• What is DNA made of?

  Nucleotides
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Sugars
• How do polypeptides become proteins?

  By folding or combining with other polypeptides
• What roles do proteins play in the body?

  Catalyzing reactions and providing structure
• What are the important parts of an amino acid?

  Carboxyl group, amino group, and R group
• What is the function of the R group in amino acids?

  It changes depending on the amino acid
• What type of reaction joins amino acids to form polymers?

  Condensation reactions
• What do we call the bond formed between amino acids?

  Peptide bond
• What is the general formula for the reaction forming a peptide bond?

  Amino acid + amino acid → repeat unit + H₂O
• What are the monomers of DNA called?

  Nucleotides
• How many types of bases are in DNA?

  Four types
• What letters represent the bases in DNA?

  T, A, G, and C
• What structure does DNA form?

  A double helix
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
• What are polysaccharides?

  Polymers made from monosaccharides
• Name one example of a polysaccharide.

  Starch
• How are polysaccharides formed?

  By combining monosaccharides like glucose
• What are the types of naturally occurring polymers discussed in the video?

  • Polypeptides
  • DNA
  • Carbohydrates
• What are the differences between monomers and polymers?

  • Monomers: single units (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides)
  • Polymers: long chains of monomers (e.g., proteins, DNA)
• What are the key functions of proteins in biological systems?

  • Catalyzing chemical reactions (enzymes)
  • Providing structure and strength to tissues
• What is the significance of the R group in amino acids?

  • Determines the identity and properties of the amino acid
• How does DNA maintain genetic information?

  • By forming a double helix structure
  • By combining nucleotides in specific sequences
• What are the main types of carbohydrates and their monomers?

  • Polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen
  • Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose