duration

• What is cognitive psychology focused on?

  Internal mental processes and information processing
• What is the definition of memory?

  The process of retaining past information
• What is forgetting in the context of memory?

  Inability to retrieve stored information
• Can memory be improved?

  Yes, through various techniques and practices
• What are the types of memory and their characteristics?

  • Sensory Register (SR):
  • Short duration
  • Large capacity
  • Short-term Memory (STM):
  • Short duration
  • Small capacity
  • Long-term Memory (LTM):
  • Long duration
  • Large capacity
• What does duration refer to in memory stores?

  How long a memory lasts in storage
• What does capacity refer to in memory stores?

  The amount of information that can be stored
• What does coding refer to in memory stores?

  The way information is changed for storage
• What was the main finding of the Peterson and Peterson (1959) study?

  Forgetting in STM occurs without rehearsal
• What percentage of participants recalled correctly after 18 seconds in the Peterson study?

  Fewer than 5%
• What percentage of participants recalled correctly after 3 seconds in the Peterson study?

  80%
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Peterson and Peterson study?

  Strengths:

  • High levels of control
  • Replicability

  Weaknesses:

  • Artificial task, lacks ecological validity
  • May not test duration, but displacement
• What task was used to test memory in the Peterson study?

  Recall of consonant syllables after counting
• What was the main finding of the Bahrick et al. (1975) study?

  High accuracy in face and name recognition
• What percentage of accuracy was found for name recognition after 48 years in the Bahrick study?

  80%
• What percentage of accuracy was found for face recognition after 48 years in the Bahrick study?

  40%
• What does the Bahrick study suggest about recognition versus recall?

  Recognition is better than recall
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Bahrick et al. study?

  Strengths:

  • Demonstrates VLTM for familiar faces
  • Uses meaningful stimuli for testing

  Weaknesses:

  • VLTM may not apply to all information types
  • Unclear if accuracy drop is due to duration limits
• What is the aim of Bahrick et al.'s study?

  To demonstrate very-long-term memories
• What is the difference in duration between short-term memory and long-term memory?

  STM has short duration; LTM has long duration
• What is the significance of emotional significance in memory studies?

  It may enhance memory retention and recall
• How does the duration of memory stores differ among SR, STM, and LTM?

  SR is short, STM is short, LTM is long
• How do capacity and coding differ among SR, STM, and LTM?

  SR has large capacity; STM small; LTM large