The haber process

• What is the harbour process used for?

  Industrial production of ammonia
• Why is the harbour process important?

  It produces ammonia for nitrogen-based fertilizers
• At what temperature is the harbour process conducted?

  450 degrees Celsius
• What pressure is used in the harbour process?

  200 atmospheres
• What role does the iron catalyst play in the harbour process?

  It speeds up the reaction without being consumed
• What percentage of air is nitrogen?

  78%
• How is hydrogen obtained for the harbour process?

  From hydrocarbons like methane
• What type of reaction is the harbour process?

  It is exothermic and reversible
• What happens to ammonia in the harbour process?

  It condenses into liquid ammonia
• Why is a condenser used in the harbour process?

  To cool and condense gaseous ammonia
• Why is 450 degrees Celsius chosen as the temperature for the harbour process?

  It is a compromise between yield and reaction rate
• What is the effect of temperature on the percentage yield in the harbour process?

  Lower temperatures favor higher percentage yield
• How does pressure affect the percentage yield of ammonia?

  Higher pressure pushes equilibrium to the right
• What is the relationship between pressure and reaction rate in the harbour process?

  Higher pressure increases the frequency of collisions
• What limits the pressure in the harbour process?

  Cost and safety considerations
• What is the best pressure for the harbour process?

  200 atmospheres
• What are the key conditions for the harbour process?

  • Temperature: 450 degrees Celsius
  • Pressure: 200 atmospheres
  • Catalyst: Iron
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the conditions used in the harbour process?

  Advantages:

  • High yield of ammonia
  • Faster reaction rate

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • High costs for energy
  • Safety risks at high pressure