homeostasis and response

• What is homeostasis?

  Maintaining a stable internal environment
• Why is it important to maintain steady internal conditions in the body?

  Cells need the right conditions to function properly
• What does homeostasis regulate in the body?

  Internal conditions in response to changes
• What types of communication systems regulate the internal environment?

  Nervous and hormonal communication systems
• What are some examples of control systems in the body?

  Body temperature, blood glucose, water content
• What are the main components of automatic control systems?

  Receptors, coordination centres, effectors
• How does negative feedback work in the body?

  It counteracts changes to restore normal levels
• What occurs when a receptor detects a low level of a substance?

  The coordination centre organizes a response
• What role do effectors play in negative feedback?

  They produce responses to counteract changes
• What might happen if effectors continue to respond without stopping?

  They could cause levels to change too much
• How does the body know to restart negative feedback?

  The receptor detects if levels become too different
• Is negative feedback a conscious or automatic process?

  It is an automatic process
• What are the steps involved in negative feedback when a level is too high?

  1. Receptor detects a stimulus (level too high)
  2. Coordination centre processes information
  3. Effector produces a response to restore optimum level
• What is the significance of negative feedback in homeostasis?

  • Maintains stable internal conditions
  • Prevents extremes in bodily functions
  • Automatically adjusts to changes
• What types of changes does homeostasis respond to?

  Internal and external changes
• What is Homeostasis


  The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
• What is the role of the CNS?

  It coordinates responses to stimuli
• How does the CNS respond to stimuli?

  It receives information and coordinates a response
• What type of neurones carry information from receptors to the CNS?

  Sensory neurones
• What do effectors do in response to CNS signals?

  They carry out the response
• What is an example of an effector in birds?

  Muscles in the bird's wings
• What do simple animals like jellyfish rely on for responses?

  Reflex responses
• What is the process of response coordination in the CNS?

  1. Stimulus detected
  2. Receptors stimulated
  3. Sensory neurones transmit information to CNS
  4. CNS processes information
  5. CNS sends signals to effectors
  6. Effectors execute response
• What are two types of effectors?

  • Muscles
  • Glands
• why are reflex actions important?

  They’re automatic and rapid they do not involve the conscious part of the brain.
• What is the connection between two neurones called?

  Synapse
• What happens after chemicals diffuse across a synapse?

  They set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone
• What happens to your pupils when a bright light shines in your eyes?

  They automatically get smaller
• What hormone is released when you get a shock?

  Adrenaline
• What is the passage of information in a reflex called?

  Reflex arc
• Where do neurones in reflex arcs go through?

  Spinal cord or unconscious brain
• What happens when a painful stimulus is detected?

  Impulses are sent along a sensory neurone
• What triggers the release of chemicals at a synapse?

  Impulses reaching the synapse
• What do relay neurones connect?

  Sensory neurones to motor neurones
• What happens when impulses reach a synapse between relay and motor neurones?

  Chemicals are released, causing impulses
• Where do impulses travel after the motor neurone?

  To the effector, usually a muscle
• What is the role of reflexes in injury prevention?

  • Provide rapid responses to stimuli
  • Reduce chances of injury
  • Operate without conscious thought
• What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

  To send information around the body
• How are hormones transported in the body?

  They are carried in the blood
• What are target organs?

  Organs affected by specific hormones