L3 | SOCIOLOGY

• SOCIOLOGY

  • Socios: Companion or Companionship
  • Logos: Study
• SOCIOLOGY

  • Branch of social science
  • Deals with the study of society and social interaction taking place and the change which takes place within it.
  • Study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior.
• SOCIOLOGY

  • Social inequality
  • Patterns of behavior
  • Social change and resistance
  • How social systems work
  • Policy crafting
  • Program creation
  • Romantic love
  • Racial and gender identity
  • Family conflict
  • Deviant behavior
• AREA OF SOCIOLOGY

  1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
  2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
  3. SOCIAL CHANGE
  4. HUMAN ECOLOGY
  5. POPULATION
  6. SOCIAL THEORY AND METHOD
• SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

  • Study social institutions, stratification, mobility, ethnic relation and bureaucracy
• SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

  • Human behavior nature as the result of group life, personality formation, social attitude and collective behavior.
• SOCIAL CHANGE

  • Study of change in the society and culture and factors resulting to change.
• HUMAN ECOLOGY

  • Study the behavior of the given population and its relationship to present institution
• POPULATION

  • Concerns population size, composition, change and quality, and how they influence economic, political, and social system
• SOCIAL THEORY AND METHOD

  • Application of results of sociological studies to solve various human problem
• PIONEERS OF SOCIOLOGY

  1. AUGUSTE COMTE
  2. HARRIET MARTINEAU
  3. HERBERT SPENCER
  4. KARL MARX
  5. EMIL DURKHEIM
  6. MAX WEBER
• AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)

  • Coined the word sociology
  • Father of Sociology and Positivism
  • Believed that the scientific methods used in physical sciences could be used to the systematic study of social life.
  • Philosophy: behavior and events could be measured scientifically.
  • 6 volumes in Latin
• SOCIAL STATIC

  • Study of organization that allows society to endure
• SOCIAL DYNAMICS

  • Study of organization by which society change 
• HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876)

  • First woman sociologist
  • Translated Comte’s ideas into English for wider accessibility and pruned it to 2 volumes.
• HARRIET MARTINEAU'S BOOKS

  1. SOCIETY IN AMERICA, 1837
  2. HOW TO OBSERVE MORALS AND MANNERS, 1838
• SOCIETY IN AMERICA, 1837

  • Criticized the state of women’s education 
• HOW TO OBSERVE MORALS AND MANNERS, 1838

  • Focus on observing locals on their own terms and emphasized the need to accept cultural relativism of others
• KARL MARX (1818-1883)

  • Father of Communism
  • Primary features of society are conflict and competition
  • Manuscript: “The Communist Manifesto”
  • In social / class conflict, there is a struggle between:
  • Capitalist who own the means of production
  • Proletariat or the working class
• EMIL DURKHEIM (1855-1917)

  • Frenchman, famous for his views on the structure of society.
  • Works focused on how traditional and modern societies evolved and function.
  • Theories were founded on the concept of social facts, defined as the norms, values, and structures of society.
• MAX WEBER (1864-1920)

  • German scholar who identified patterns of social actions classified as:
  • Value oriented
  • Goal oriented
  • Emotionally motivated action
  • Traditional
• MAX WEBER

  • Sociologists must find out how people feel or what they think about their own behavior
  • Should adopt a method: Verstehen
  • Subjective understanding of a society on its own terms, rather than from an outside perspective.
• HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903)

  • Introduced social darwinism in his writings.
  • Borrowed the theory from Charles Darwin to explain how societies evolve and change over a period of time.
  • Society was like living organisms — from simple and then progressed to a more complex form.