Bonding

• What are bonds determined by

  electronegativity
• What is a bonds character determined by

  difference in electronegativity
• Non polar


  equal sharing
• polar


  unequally sharing
• Ionic


  stealing
• Ionic solids exist as

  crystal lattice structures
• the number of electrons shown is equal to the number of valence electrons
• Conditions that every Lewis diagram must meet

  1. The total number of valence electrons is conserved
  2. The octet rule is satisfied
• H needs only 1
• Be needs only 2
• B needs only 3
• What does VSEPR stand for

  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
• Types of VSEPR shapes

  1. Linear
  2. Bent
  3. Trigonal planar
  4. Trigonal pyramidal
  5. tetrahedral
• If you melt, boil, or dissolve a molecule, you still have a collection of free moving molecules, not individual atoms
• If you melt, boil, or dissolve an ionic compound, you have a collection of free moving ions
• Non polar molecules electron clouds are symmetric
• Because London dispersion forces are dependent on the number of electrons, molecules with a larger mass (more electrons) have a larger amount of London dispersion
• More London Dispersion Forces = more attraction between molecules
• More attraction between molecules = higher boiling and melting point
• Hydrogen bonds only exists between molecules where an H is directly attached to an O, F, or N
• Intermolecular forces exist between molecules
• Covalent bonds are inside / within the molecule

  I.e., intramolecular
• This is the structure of an ionic compound

  Crystal lattice
• This means two liquids will mix together

  miscible
• A type of bond that is characterized by sharing

  covalent
• non bonding pair of electrons

  lone pair
• this type of force affects solubility and boiling points

  intermolecular
• The shape of sulfur dioxide and water

  bent
• the theory that predicts a shape of a molecule

  VSEPR
• The shape of ammonia

  Trigonal pyramidal
• Tells you whether or not the electron density is uniformly distributed in a bond or molecule

  polarity
• the shape of a carbonate ion

  trigonal planar
• the shape of the ammonium ion

  Tetrahedral
• a measure of how strongly nucleus attracts a pair of electrons

  electronegativity
• it means the outer most

  valence
• type of electrostatic bond between two oppositely charged ions

  ionic