cognitive

• What is cognition?

  The mental action of acquiring knowledge
• Why does the brain interpret visual information differently?

  It can create optical illusions
• What is the aim of the cognitive approach in psychology?

  • To develop an understanding of cognitive processes
• What does the cognitive approach focus on?

  Internal mental processes
• What are internal mental processes?

  Private operations of the mind
• How does the cognitive approach view the mind's function?

  Like a computer (input/processing/output)
• What is the cognitive approach's view on studying mental processes?

  They can and should be studied scientifically
• What is the cognitive approach's processing model?

  Stimulus – organism – response
• How does the cognitive approach differ from behaviorism?

  It includes internal processing in responses
• How can a computer model illustrate human cognition?

  • Input via sensory organs
  • Processing through cognitive functions
  • Output as behavior and decisions
• What is the information processing approach?

  Information flows through stages: input, storage, retrieval
• What did Atkinson and Shiffrin propose in 1968?

  The multi-store model of memory
• What is Miller's magic number for memory?

  7 (plus or minus two)
• What did Murdoch find about memory recall?

  More is remembered from the beginning and end
• What are the similarities and differences between computers and human cognition?

  Similarities:

  • Both take and code data
  • Both can store information
  • Both can process material

  
  

  Differences:

  • Emotions affect human cognition
  • Humans add meaning to inputs
  • Attention can be directed by humans
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

  Strengths:

  • Scientific and objective methods
  • Less determinist than other approaches
  • Real-life applications

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Machine reductionism
  • Lacks external validity
  • Overly theoretical in nature
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The study of biological structures in cognition
• What did Paul Broca discover about brain damage?

  It can impair speech production
• How have brain imaging techniques advanced cognitive neuroscience?

  They allow observation of neurological processes
• What does fMRI measure?

  Brain activity through blood flow changes
• What is a PET scan?

  A scan using radioactive tracers
• How do fMRI and PET scans show brain activity?

  By highlighting active areas with dyes
• What is the link between the parahippocampal gyrus and OCD?

  It plays a role in processing emotions
• What are the key components of the cognitive approach recap?

  • Assumptions of the approach
  • Theoretical and computer models
  • Role of schema
  • Emergence of cognitive neuroscience
  • Evaluation of cognitive approach
• What is the cognitive approach's view on determinism?

  It is less determinist than other approaches
• What is the role of schema in cognition?

  They influence cognitive processing based on experience
• What is inference in cognitive psychology?

  Drawing conclusions from observed behavior
• What is the significance of cognitive neuroscience in psychology?

  Links brain activity to mental processes
• How has cognitive neuroscience expanded recently?

  Includes computer-generated models for brain analysis
• What could brain fingerprinting potentially analyze?

  Brain wave patterns of eyewitnesses