social change

• What is social influence?

  The process of changing attitudes and behaviors
• What does social change refer to?

  Adoption of new attitudes by whole societies
• What are the components of social influence?

  Conformity, obedience, and minority influence
• What is dissent?

  A disagreement or opposing opinion
• What are the six steps to social change?

  1. Drawing attention through protests
  2. Consistency in messaging
  3. Deeper processing of the message
  4. Augmentation principle: risk for commitment
  5. Snowball effect: majority acceptance
  6. Social cryptoamnesia: forgetting the minority's role
• What is social cryptoamnesia?

  Forgetting the minority's role in change
• How did Asch's research highlight dissent's importance?

  It showed dissent can break majority power
• How do environmental campaigns use normative influence?

  By showing what others are doing
• What did Milgram's research reveal about disobedience?

  Disobedient role models reduce obedience rates
• How do social influence theories relate to societal change?

  • Obedience: Legitimate authority influences behavior
  • Conformity: Normative and informational influences
  • Independent behavior: Internal locus of control and social support
  • Minority influence: Attention, consistency, deeper processing
• What did Nolan et al. (2008) find about normative influence?

  Group A reduced energy usage more
• What did Moscovici argue about minority influence?

  It involves deeper processing than majority influence
• What limitation did Nemeth (1986) identify about minority influence?

  It takes a long time to effect change
• How have views on homosexuality changed in the UK?

  Majority now supports same-sex relationships
• How does social influence lead to social change regarding homosexuality?

  • Minority views challenge majority beliefs
  • Consistency and commitment from activists
  • Social norms shift through media influence
  • Laws change to reflect new societal values
• What are some evaluation points for social influence theories?

  • Historical bias and ecological validity issues
  • Demand characteristics and social desirability bias
  • Generalizability and artificial tasks
  • Contradictory evidence and oversimplification
• What is the role of agency theory in social influence?

  It explains obedience to authority figures
• What is the F-scale used for?

  Measuring authoritarian personality traits
• What does the term 'locus of control' refer to?

  Belief about control over life events
• What is the significance of the term 'legitimacy' in social influence?

  It refers to perceived authority of figures
• What does 'identification' mean in social influence?

  Adopting behaviors of a group
• What is the role of flexibility in minority influence?

  It allows adaptation to majority views
• What is the main finding of Zimbardo's research?

  Situational factors can influence behavior
• What does 'socialization' refer to in social influence?

  Process of learning societal norms and values
• What is the significance of 'unanimity' in conformity studies?

  It refers to agreement among group members
• What does 'group size' refer to in conformity research?

  Number of individuals in a group
• What does 'proximity' refer to in social influence?

  Physical closeness to others
• What is the main focus of conformity research?

  How individuals align with group norms
• What is the primary focus of obedience research?

  How individuals follow authority commands
• What is the significance of minority influence in social change?

  It challenges majority views and promotes change
• What is the role of internalization in social influence?

  Adopting beliefs as one's own
• What does 'compliance' mean in social influence?

  Changing behavior to fit in publicly
• What is the significance of the 'normative influence' in social change?

  It encourages conformity to group standards
• What is the main finding of Hofling's study?

  Nurses obeyed orders from authority figures
• What does 'social desirability bias' refer to?

  Responding to please others rather than truthfully
• What is 'ecological validity' in research?

  How findings apply to real-world settings
• What does 'generalizability' mean in research?

  Applying findings to broader populations
• What is 'moral reasoning' in social influence?

  Understanding right from wrong in context
• What does 'demand characteristics' refer to in research?

  Participants altering behavior due to expectations
• What is 'historical bias' in social research?

  Influence of historical context on findings