types of ltm

• What is one difference between semantic and episodic memory?

  Semantic memories are general knowledge, episodic are personal experiences
• Why might we not recall when we learned semantic memories?

  Because they are general knowledge, not personal experiences
• What is the digit span considered normal for adults?

  7+/-2 items
• How was Peter's short-term memory different from most adults' after his accident?

  His digit span was much shorter than normal
• How does Peter's case support the multi-store model of memory?

  It shows separate short-term and long-term stores
• What ethical issue is associated with Peter's case study?

  Informed consent may be in doubt
• How could psychologists deal with the ethical issue of informed consent in Peter's case?

  Use initials instead of his full name
• Why is rehearsal considered a transfer mechanism in memory?

  It helps move information from STM to LTM
• Who devised the multi-store model of memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What type of information does the echoic store receive?

  Sound
• What type of information does the iconic store receive?

  Visual information
• What process is required for information to travel from sensory register to short-term memory?

  Attention
• What process allows information to remain in short-term memory for longer?

  Maintenance rehearsal
• What is the main type of coding used in short-term memory?

  Acoustic
• What is the main type of coding used in long-term memory?

  Semantic
• Who conducted a study on long-term memory of classmates from 50 years ago?

  Bahrick et al. (1975)
• What did Tulving believe about the multi-store model of memory?

  It was too simplistic and had different LTM stores
• What type of memory is episodic memory associated with?

  Personal events and experiences
• What type of memory is semantic memory associated with?

  Knowledge of the world and facts
• What type of memory is procedural memory associated with?

  Knowledge of how to do things
• What is the distinction between declarative and non-declarative memory?

  Declarative is conscious, non-declarative is unconscious
• What memory issue did patient Clive Wearing experience?

  Struggled to recall episodic memories
• What type of memory did Clive Wearing retain despite his amnesia?

  Good semantic and procedural memory
• What memory issue did patient HM experience?

  Difficulty recalling episodic memories
• What did brain scans show about memory recall?

  Different brain areas are active for different memories
• What did Belleville et al. (2006) demonstrate about episodic memory training?

  It increased elderly individuals' recall ability