introduction

• What is the main focus of the video linked in the introduction?

  Attachment theory
• What is a strength of the evidence regarding attachment observations?

  Controlled observations minimize extraneous variables
• Why do babies have high validity in attachment studies?

  They are unaware of being observed
• What is a weakness of the evidence regarding attachment observations?

  Evidence is subjective and open to interpretation
• What do observations of infants show regarding their behavior?

  Reciprocity and synchrony in interactions
• According to Schaffer and Emerson (1964), what percentage of babies became attached to their mothers first?

  70%
• What percentage of babies became attached to their fathers first according to Schaffer and Emerson (1964)?

  3%
• What percentage of babies had attachments to their fathers within 18 months?

  75%
• What did Grossman (2002) study focus on?

  Parent-child relationships and attachment quality
• How is the quality of mother-child attachment related to adolescent attachments?

  It is significantly related
• What aspect of father-child relationships did Grossman (2002) find to be related to adolescent attachments?

  The quality of fathers' play
• What does the evidence suggest about the father's role in attachment?

  Fathers focus on play and stimulation
• What behaviors do fathers adopt when they become primary caregivers?

  They imitate typical mother behaviors
• What is a weakness regarding the distinct roles of fathers in attachment?

  Children without fathers do not differ significantly
• What cultural factors might explain why fathers are not typically primary attachment figures?

  Gender roles in society influence caregiving
• What biological factor is suggested to influence women's nurturing roles?

  Higher levels of estrogen
• How does returning to work shortly after childbirth affect attachment?

  It restricts opportunities for interactional synchrony
• What are the key components of attachment?

  1. Proximity: Staying physically close
  2. Separation distress: Distress when apart
  3. Secure-base behavior: Regular contact when secure
  4. Interactional synchrony: Reflecting actions and emotions
  5. Reciprocity: Two-way emotional bond
• What is attachment?

  • A two-way emotional bond
  • Each individual sees the other as essential for emotional security
• What are the main caregiver-infant interactions that influence social development?

  • Reciprocity
  • Interactional synchrony
• What are the definitions of reciprocity and interactional synchrony?

  • Reciprocity: Two-way emotional bond
  • Interactional synchrony: Coordinated reflection of actions and emotions