animal studies

• What was the aim of Harlow's study on monkeys?

  To observe monkeys' preference of attachment figure
• What were the two types of surrogate mothers used in Harlow's study?

  A harsh 'wire mother' and a soft 'towelling mother'
• What were the four conditions in which the baby monkeys were raised?

  1. Wire mother with milk, towelling mother without milk
  2. Wire mother without milk, towelling mother with milk
  3. Wire mother with milk only
  4. Towelling mother with milk only
• What was recorded during Harlow's study on monkeys?

  The amount of time spent with each mother
• How did Harlow test mother preference during stress?

  By frightening the monkeys with a loud noise
• What did Harlow find about monkeys' behavior when frightened?

  They clung to the towelling mother
• What did Harlow observe about monkeys raised with only a wire surrogate?

  They had diarrhoea, a sign of stress
• What was the conclusion regarding the critical period for attachment in monkeys?

  There is a 90-day critical period for attachment
• What are the ethical issues related to Harlow's study?

  • Protection from harm
  • Suffering similar to human-like experiences
  • Awareness of suffering by Harlow
  • Use of 'iron maidens' as surrogate mothers
• What are the strengths of Harlow's research?

  • Shows attachment is based on comfort, not food
  • Highlights importance of early contact
  • Practical applications in social work and animal care
• Who conducted the study on geese?

  Lorenz
• What is the critical period for monkeys according to Harlow?

  90 days
• What did Harlow call the wire mothers?

  Iron maidens
• What is imprinting?

  Attachment to the first moving object seen
• What animal did the peacock imprint on?

  Tortoises
• What is sexual imprinting?

  Attachment influencing mate preferences
• Who found that chickens would sexually imprint on rubber gloves?

  Guiton
• How many monkeys were used in Harlow's experiment?

  16 monkeys
• What is one ethical issue with the monkey study?

  Protection from harm
• What was the aim of Lorenz's study on geese?

  To study imprinting
• What were the findings of Lorenz's geese study?

  • Incubator group followed Lorenz
  • Control group followed the mother goose
  • Critical period for imprinting identified
  • Imprinting must occur shortly after hatching
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Lorenz's study?

  Strengths:

  • Demonstrates imprinting in birds
  • Provides insight into attachment behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Lack of generalizability to humans
  • Differences between avian and mammalian attachments