ainsworth's strange situation

• What are the three main types of attachment identified by Ainsworth?

  Secure, Insecure-avoidant, Insecure-resistant
• What characterizes secure attachment (Type B)?

  • Explore happily, return to caregiver
  • Moderate separation distress and anxiety
  • Accept comfort during reunion
• What percentage of British toddlers are classified as securely attached?

  70%
• What are the behaviors of children with insecure-avoidant attachment (Type A)?

  • Explore freely, no proximity seeking
  • Little interaction when caregiver leaves
  • Minimal contact upon caregiver's return
  • Little stranger anxiety
  • Require little comfort during reunion
• What percentage of British toddlers are classified as insecure-avoidant?

  15%
• What characterizes insecure-resistant attachment (Type C)?

  • Seek greater proximity, explore less
  • High separation and stranger anxiety
  • Resist comfort during reunion
• What percentage of British toddlers are classified as insecure-resistant?

  15%
• What is the aim of Ainsworth's Strange Situation Study?

  To measure the security of attachment
• What are the strengths of Ainsworth's study regarding validity?

  • Controlled observation in a lab
  • Reduces extraneous variables
  • Supported by follow-up studies on adults
• What are the strengths of Ainsworth's study regarding reliability?

  • Good inter-rater reliability
  • Controlled conditions
  • Clear behavioral categories
• What cultural issues are associated with Ainsworth's study?

  • May be culture-bound
  • Conducted in America
  • Different cultural responses to attachment
• What is the law of continuity in attachment theory?

  • Consistent care leads to better attachment quality
• What does the law of accumulated separation state?

  • Effects of separation add up; zero is safest
• What is reciprocity in attachment theory?

  • Mutual response between caregiver and child
• What are internal working models in attachment theory?

  • Mental representations of attachment to caregivers
• What is separation distress?

  • Distress experienced when an attachment figure leaves
• What is secure-base behavior?

  • Regular contact with caregiver while exploring
• What is interactional synchrony?

  • Coordinated reflection of actions and emotions
• What are the weaknesses of Ainsworth's study regarding age?

  • Babies aged 9-18 months studied
  • Shaffer and Emerson found only 80% attached by 40 weeks
• What is a weakness regarding temperament in Ainsworth's study?

  • Temperament may confound results
  • Kagan suggests temperament is more important
• What is a weakness regarding attachment classifications in Ainsworth's study?

  • Ignores other attachment types
  • Disorganized attachment may occur
• How can attachment types be applied to children in exam questions?

  • Analyze behaviors to classify attachment types
• What are the stages of the Strange Situation Study?

  1. Child and caregiver enter playroom
  2. Stranger interacts with child
  3. Caregiver leaves child with stranger
  4. Caregiver returns, stranger leaves
  5. Caregiver leaves child alone
  6. Stranger returns
  7. Caregiver returns and reunites with child
• What behaviors are measured in the Strange Situation Study?

  • Proximity seeking
  • Exploration and secure base behavior
  • Stranger anxiety
  • Separation anxiety
  • Response to reunion
• What is the procedure of Ainsworth's Strange Situation Study?

  Lab experiment in a standardized playroom
• What type of attachment does Sam have if he is slightly upset when his mother leaves?

  Secure attachment
• What type of attachment does Dan have if he is very upset and cries loudly when his mother leaves?

  Insecure-resistant attachment
• What type of attachment is Ben likely to show if Anya sometimes ignores him?

  Insecurely attached
• How does the behavior of a child with insecure-avoidant attachment differ from one with insecure-resistant attachment?

  Insecure-avoidant shows little concern, resistant shows distress
• What is the main focus of the video related to Ainsworth's study?

  Child responses at different stages
• What is the link provided for further reading on attachment types?

  Psychology Today article
• What is the consolidation task mentioned in the study material?

  Draw the stages of the Strange Situation
• What is the age range of children studied in Ainsworth's Strange Situation?

  9 to 18 months
• What is the method of observation used in Ainsworth's study?

  Two-way mirror observation
• What is the significance of the controlled environment in Ainsworth's study?

  Reduces extraneous variables
• What is the main limitation of Ainsworth's study regarding cultural differences?

  It may not reflect non-American cultures
• What is the main criticism regarding the age of the infants in Ainsworth's study?

  Only studied infants aged 9-18 months
• What is a potential confounding variable in Ainsworth's study?

  Temperament of the child
• What is a limitation regarding attachment classifications in Ainsworth's study?

  Ignores disorganized attachment