cultural variations of attachment

• What is Bowlby’s explanation for cultural similarities in attachment?

  Attachment is innate and produces similar behaviors
• What do Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg suggest about cross-cultural differences?

  They may reflect mass media effects on parenting
• What is a weakness of the Strange Situation regarding validity?

  It may measure temperament instead of attachment
• What did Simonelli et al (2014) find about Italian babies in the Strange Situation?

  50% were secure, 36% insecure-avoidant
• Why did Simonelli et al (2014) suggest a lower rate of secure attachment?

  More mothers work long hours and use childcare
• What did Jin et al (2012) find in their Korean study?

  Only one child was avoidant in their study
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using large samples in attachment studies?

  Strengths:

  • Increases internal validity
  • Reduces impact of biased methodology

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Samples may be unrepresentative of cultures
  • Comparisons are made between countries, not cultures
• What is a potential bias in the method of assessment for attachment types?

  The Strange Situation may favor British/American cultures
• What is an imposed etic in the context of attachment studies?

  Applying a theory designed for one culture to another
• How might German cultural norms affect interpretations of attachment behavior?

  Independence may be seen as normal, not insecure