Specific heat capacity

• What concept relates internal energy to temperature?

  Specific heat capacity
• What is internal energy?

  Total energy stored by particles
• What are the two parts of internal energy?

  Potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores
• Which type of energy is important for temperature changes?

  Kinetic energy
• How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?

  It increases the kinetic energy of particles
• What does temperature measure in a substance?

  Average internal energy of the substance
• How much energy does water require to warm by one degree Celsius?

  4200 joules
• How much energy is needed to heat one kilo of mercury by one degree Celsius?

  139 joules
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kg by 1°C
• What happens when one kilo of water cools by one degree Celsius?

  It releases 4200 joules of energy
• What is the equation for change in internal energy?

  ΔU = m × c × Δθ
• How do you convert 800 grams to kilograms?

  0.8 kilograms
• How do you convert 20 kilojoules to joules?

  20,000 joules
• What is the change in temperature for 800 grams of water with 20,000 joules of energy?

  5.95 degrees Celsius
• What is the final temperature of water after adding 20,000 joules?

  25.95 degrees Celsius
• Why might the temperature not increase as much in real life?

  Some energy is lost to surroundings
• What precautions should be taken during the experiment to measure temperature changes?

  • Use a lid to minimize heat loss
  • Insulate the container well
• What are the key factors affecting temperature change in a substance?

  • Mass of the substance
  • Specific heat capacity
  • Amount of energy transferred
• What are the implications of specific heat capacity in practical applications?

  • Determines heating and cooling rates
  • Affects energy efficiency in heating systems
• What concept relates internal energy to temperature?

  Specific heat capacity
• What is internal energy?

  Total energy stored by particles
• What are the two parts of internal energy?

  Potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores
• Which type of energy is important for temperature changes?

  Kinetic energy
• How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?

  It increases the kinetic energy of particles
• What does temperature measure in a substance?

  Average internal energy of the substance
• How much energy does water require to increase by one degree Celsius?

  4200 joules
• How much energy is needed to heat one kilo of mercury by one degree Celsius?

  139 joules
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise temperature of one kilo
• What happens when one kilo of water cools by one degree Celsius?

  It releases 4200 joules of energy
• What is the equation for change in internal energy?

  Change in internal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
• How do you find the change in temperature using energy, mass, and specific heat capacity?

  Change in temperature = energy / (mass × specific heat capacity)
• What is the initial temperature of the water in the example?

  20 degrees Celsius
• How much energy is transferred to the water in the example?

  20 kilojoules
• What is the specific heat capacity of water used in the example?

  4200 joules per kilo per degree
• What is the final temperature of the water after energy transfer?

  25.95 degrees Celsius
• Why might the temperature not increase as much in real life?

  Some energy is lost to surroundings
• What should be done to minimize energy loss in an experiment?

  Use a lid and insulate well
• What is the significance of rounding the final temperature to three significant figures?

  It ensures precision in measurements
• What are the key concepts related to internal energy and temperature?

  • Internal energy: total energy of particles
  • Kinetic energy: movement energy of particles
  • Specific heat capacity: energy needed to change temperature
  • Temperature: measure of average internal energy
• What is the process to calculate the final temperature of a substance?

  1. Identify initial temperature
  2. Determine energy transferred
  3. Use specific heat capacity
  4. Calculate change in temperature
  5. Add change to initial temperature