Sports Psychology

• What is a skill?

  A learned action or behaviour
• How is ability defined in the context of skill?

  Learned action with maximum time and energy
• What is a trait in skill classification?

  An inherited, stable characteristic
• What are the classifications of skill?

  • Basic skill: simple, low concentration
  • Complex skill: high concentration and coordination
  • Open skill: adapts to changing environments
  • Closed skill: consistent performance regardless of environment
  • Self-paced skill: performer controls timing
  • Externally paced skill: timing controlled by external factors
  • Gross movement skill: large muscle groups, powerful movements
  • Fine movement skill: small, precise movements
• What are performance goals?

  Personal standards to be achieved
• What distinguishes outcome goals from performance goals?

  Outcome goals focus on winning results
• What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

  • Specific: clear and specific to sport
  • Measurable: can be measured for achievement
  • Accepted: agreed upon by performer and coach
  • Realistic: achievable and attainable
  • Time-bound: set within a specific timeframe
• What is the first step in information processing?

  Input data received from the display
• What occurs during the decision-making phase of information processing?

  Data is analyzed and a response is selected
• What is the output in information processing?

  The required response to the input
• What is intrinsic feedback?

  Information received from within the performer
• What are the types of guidance in performance?

  • Verbal: detailed explanations of actions
  • Visual: seeing the skill performed
  • Manual: physical assistance
  • Mechanical: use of equipment to aid performance
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance?

  Advantages:

  • Useful for all levels
  • Easy to follow
  • Highlights key areas

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Requires good quality demonstration
  • Complex skills may be hard to demonstrate
  • Ineffective if attention is lacking
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance?

  Advantages:

  • Useful for high-level performers
  • Highlights key teaching points
  • Encourages critical thinking

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Risk of information overload
  • Can be boring
  • Noisy environments hinder communication
• Why is questioning useful in verbal guidance?

  It encourages the performer to think critically
• What is a potential issue with explaining complex skills verbally?

  Complex things are difficult to explain verbally