Making Inferences and Reading

• Reading-between-the-lines

  • Using your prior knowledge to connect with the new text
  • Drawing conclusions based on observations
• Contextual Clues

  • hints that the author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word.
• Observation

  • Any information taken with the human senses
• Making Inferences

  • A comprehension strategy used by proficient readers to "read between the lines," make connections, and draw conclusions about the text's meaning and purpose with the use of clues or hints
• Words/Phrases to use for Making Inferences (DCRTH, TC):

  • To deduct
  • To conclude
  • To reason out
  • To theorize
  • To hypothesize
  • To take an educated guess
  • To come into conclusion based on evidences
• Inferring

  • Using context clues to give you a deeper understanding of your reading
  • Go beyond the surface details to see other meanings that the details suggest or imply
  • Make implicit ideas
• Inference

  • Process of drawing conclusions based on the available evidence plus previous knowledge and experience
  • Students must use clues from the text, coupled with their own experiences, to draw a logical conclusion
  • Refers to the process of using observation and background knowledge to determine a conclusion that makes sense
• Steps of Making Inferences (RRLPD):

  • Read/view the text
  • Read the question
  • List related details
  • Put thoughts together
  • Determine what they mean
• Inference

  • A logical conclusion based on your observation
• Reading

  • the process of recognition or interpretation of written material and it deals with the language form (Stricklin, 2011).
  • A goal-directed activity that a reader seeks to reach a particular outcome as a result of reading.
  • A multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
  • It involves the recognition of letters, words, phrases, and clauses, and in some respects, it can be considered a simpler process than comprehension.
• Strategies in Reading (SSR):

  • Scanning
  • Skimming
  • Reading-in-detail
• Scanning

  • Used when looking for a specific piece of information in a given text
• Skimming

  • Its goal is to learn the main points in a larger selection of writing rather than answer one specific question
• Reading-in-detail

  • Careful reading
  • This is a slower reading process that starts at the beginning of a passage and proceeds to the end
• Top-Down Approach

  • The concept of this strategy is about guessing the meaning of the target reading material
  • A psycholinguistic guessing game
• Bottom-Up Approach

  • This model is declared as a decoding process of constructing meaning at the "bottom"
• Text Relevance

  • Determining importance is a strategy readers use to distinguish between what information in a text is most important versus what imformation is interesting but not necessary
• Relevant

  • Information that closely matches a reader's goal
• Irrelevant

  • An information not related to what is being discussed