Pa chest

• What should be removed from the chest area before a radiograph?

  Clothing and metallic objects
• Why should long hair be tied back during a chest radiograph?

  To avoid interference with the imaging area
• How should the patient be positioned for a chest radiograph?

  Standing, facing the upright image receptor
• What is the purpose of placing the hands on the hips during positioning?

  To move the scapulae laterally and clear lung fields
• Where should the central ray (CR) be centered for a chest radiograph?

  Midline of the patient at T7
• What is the size of the image receptor used for chest radiography?

  35x43 cm (14x17 inches)
• How high should the top of the image receptor be positioned?

  Approximately 2 inches (5 cm) above the shoulders
• What should be included in the collimation for a chest radiograph?

  Apex of the lungs and costophrenic angles
• What breathing instruction should be given to the patient?

  Take a deep breath in and hold it
• Why is the PA position chosen for chest radiography?

  It minimizes magnification of the heart
• How does rolling the shoulders forward affect the radiograph?

  It prevents scapulae from obscuring lung fields
• What is the significance of deep inspiration during the radiograph?

  It inflates the lungs and lowers the diaphragm
• What should be visible for adequate inspiration on a radiograph?

  At least 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
• What indicates proper exposure on a chest radiograph?

  Thoracic spine faintly visible through heart shadow
• How can scapulae overlap be corrected during positioning?

  By rolling the shoulders forward enough
• What does asymmetrical clavicles indicate on a radiograph?

  The patient was rotated during the exposure
• What should be done if fewer than 10 ribs are visible?

  Reinstruct the patient to take a deep breath
• What does cut-off anatomy indicate in a radiograph?

  Incorrect collimation or image receptor positioning
• What should be checked for before exposure to avoid artifacts?

  Metallic objects or clothing artifacts
• What are the key steps in patient preparation for chest radiography?

  • Remove clothing and metallic objects
  • Provide a gown if needed
  • Tie back long hair
  • Reposition oxygen tubing or ECG leads
• What are the criteria for correct positioning on a radiograph?

  1. Field Coverage: Lung apices and costophrenic angles visible
  2. Rotation: Clavicles equidistant from vertebral column
  3. Scapulae: Outside lung fields
  4. Inspiration: At least 10 ribs visible
  5. Exposure: Thoracic spine faintly visible
• What are common positioning errors in chest radiography?

  1. Rotation: Asymmetrical clavicles
  2. Scapulae Overlap: Scapulae obscuring lung fields
  3. Poor Inspiration: Fewer than 10 ribs visible
  4. Cut-Off Anatomy: Apices or angles not included
  5. Artifacts: Metallic objects obscuring anatomy