Right Wing

• Crime Prevention

  • situational
  • environmental
• Situational Crime Prevention


  • makes crime more difficult to commit (target hardening)
  • increases effort to commit crime
  • reduces reward & excuses
  • doesn't require government = GOOD

  eg. bike chains, burglar alarms
• Environmental Crime Prevention


  • designing an area in a way that prevents crime
  • Newman 1972 --> crime is lower in areas with defensible space
  • Stoke-on-Trent --> crime reduced 43% when street lighting improved

  eg. street lighting
• Environmental Crime Prevention (CCTV)


  • automatic facial recognition allows cameras to identify anyone that passes
  • EU considered banning it in public spaces
  • system is better at identifying white faces

  eg. 5 million CCTV cameras in UK - only 4% state owned (CCTV.co.uk)
• EVAL -> crime prevention


  1. CCTV = invasion of privacy & controversial in Right Wing politics
  2. cause of crime is NOT addressed (people can still commit crime if they want --> work around target hardening
• Punishment --> Retributive Justice

  • punishment should fit the crime & reflect community views
  • offender should experience outrage of whole community they have wronged (through boundary maintenance)
  • if punishment = 'soft' --> not taken seriously --> no moral growth

  Eg. Long custodial sentences puts people off of offending
• Punishment --> Capital punishment & the US

  • death penalty ultimate form of punishment abolished in UK
  • some believe its fitting for murder (life for a life)

  A03 ->

  • controversial as no moral growth allowed (legal in 27 states)
• Punishment --> Habitual Offenders Law

  • on 3rd offence, judge MUST give longer custodial sentence regardless of crime committed

  eg. A02 -> Leandro Andrade stole 5 kids DVD's, repeatedly -> had previous charges -> charged with 25 years in prison
• EVAL -> punishment

  1. seen as degradation ceremonies -> to humiliate offender
  2. WILSON -> no need for 'harsh punishments' -> punishment itself should deter -> shouldn't matter if its 'soft' or 'hard'
  3. places with death penalty have higher crime rates than places that don't
• Control -> Zero-Tolerance-Policing

  • 'increased & aggressive policing of minor crime'
  • based on 'broken-window theory'
  • aims to show lack of tolerance for crime; reinforcing norms and values
  • cultural change; increased social control; reduces serious crimes

  A02 -> Zimring (2011) New York enforced Z-T-P, dramatic decrease in crime (83% decrease in homocides)
• Control -> Welfare state

  • New Right approach
  • benefits should be CUT -> changes underclass culture (can't afford children? put up for adoption)
  • Stigma's / labels of people are good --> sanctions reckless behaviour
• EVAL -> Control

  1. Z-T-P = controversial when implemented without caution -> aggressive & deteriorates relationship between public & police (creates conflict) A02 -> George Floyd BLM
  2. focus is on individual offenders; ignores wider context -> assumes motive for crime - evil / selfish
  3. Left wing believe they ignore inequalities
  4. Murray's approach makes inequalities worse