Applications

• Name crime prevention strategies

  • Threat of punishment - deterrence
  • Alarms - deterrence
  • Pulling levers - deterrence
  • Target hardening - securing locks etc making it harder for crime
  • Surveillance - Newman
  • Housing and neighbourhood layout - Newman
• Outline Neighbourhood Watch Schemes

  • Set up in response to Kitty Genovese and work under Neighbourhood and Home Watch Network

  1. Neighbours decide to discuss & find out who interested
  2. Group contacts NHWN to register association & context to police authority
  3. Group consider what wanting to achieve in estate w/ crime prevention
  4. Once aims established, coordinator appointed as key contact between police + scheme members

  • Works because there is surveillance in the neighbourhood which helps residents feel more reassured which reduces fear of crime
• What is the usefulness and effectiveness of Neighbourhood Watch?

  Usefulness:

  • Most useful when can see each other's houses - supported by concept of Milieu
  • Trusted source of info and support useful for elderly who are vulnerable

  Effectiveness:

  • Acts as a deterrent for offenders by increasing awareness local residents looking for and reporting suspicious behaviour
  • Also increases relationship between police and community members
• Outline Pulling Levers policing

  • Form of special deterrence

  Kennedy:

  • Selecting particular crime problems like drugs and pulling together law enforcement group including police & probation services
  • Key offenders identified and law enforcement operation directed at them and using any or all legal levers to sanction them
  • Police communicate directly with offenders to let them know and how to avoid enforcement action
  • Works as deterred from committing crime in future as aware costs outweigh benefits of crime