KA 3: Bonding

• What is bonding in chemistry?

  Atoms bond to form molecules.
• What is a covalent bond?

  A bond between non-metal atoms.
• How do covalent bonds form between non-metals?

  Through electrostatic attraction to shared electrons.
• What are diatomic molecules?

  Molecules consisting of two atoms.
• Name some diatomic molecules.

  Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.
• What are the two types of structures created by covalent bonding?

  • Covalent molecular structures
  • Covalent networks
• What are covalent molecular structures characterized by?

  Small molecules with low melting and boiling points.
• What shapes can covalent molecules take?

  Linear, Angular, Trigonal pyramidal, Tetrahedral.
• What type of bonds are strong in covalent molecular substances?

  Intramolecular bonds.
• What type of bonds are weak in covalent molecular substances?

  Intermolecular bonds.
• Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

  Weak intermolecular bonds require less energy to break.
• Can covalent molecular substances conduct electricity?

  No, they cannot conduct electricity.
• Can covalent molecular substances dissolve in water?

  Yes, they can dissolve in water.
• What are the characteristics of covalent networks?

  • Large, strong structures
  • Very high melting and boiling points
  • Cannot conduct electricity (except graphite)
  • Cannot dissolve in water
• Why do covalent networks have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong intramolecular bonds require a lot of energy to break.
• What is an ionic bond?

  A bond between a metal and a non-metal.
• How do ionic bonds form?

  Through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• What is the structure of ionic compounds called?

  Ionic lattice structure.
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions.
• Do ionic compounds dissolve in water?

  Yes, ionic compounds dissolve in water.
• Can ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

  Yes, they can conduct electricity when dissolved.
• Can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten?

  Yes, they can conduct electricity when molten.
• What are the key points of covalent bonding?

  • Occurs between non-metal atoms
  • Involves electrostatic attraction to shared electrons
  • Forms diatomic molecules
• What are the key points of ionic bonding?

  • Occurs between metal and non-metal
  • Involves electrostatic attraction between ions
  • Forms ionic lattice structures