KA 2: Atomic Structure

• What are the three units that make up atoms?

  Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
• What is the structure of an atom?

  Atoms have a nucleus and electron shells
• Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• How do electrons move in relation to the nucleus?

  Electrons orbit the nucleus
• What is the atomic number of Hydrogen?

  1
• What is the atomic number of Carbon?

  6
• What is the atomic number of Chlorine?

  17
• What does the atomic number represent?

  The number of protons in an atom
• How is the mass number calculated?

  Protons + Neutrons
• What is the mass of protons and neutrons?

  1
• What is the mass of electrons?

  0
• What is the charge of protons?

  1+
• What is the charge of neutrons?

  0
• What is the charge of electrons?

  1-
• How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

  By increasing atomic number
• What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

  Groups
• What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

  Periods
• What do elements in the same group have in common?

  Same number of outer electrons
• What do elements in the same period have in common?

  Same number of energy levels
• What are Group 1 elements called?

  Alkali Metals
• Why are Alkali Metals very reactive?

  They have one outer electron
• What are the elements in the middle of the periodic table called?

  Transition Metals
• What are Group 7 elements called?

  Halogens
• Why are Halogens very reactive?

  They need one electron for stability
• What are Group 8 elements called?

  Noble Gases
• Why are Noble Gases not reactive?

  They have a full outer shell
• What is valency?

  An element's capacity to combine with others
• How is valency determined?

  By the number of outer electrons
• What is the valency of Group 8 elements?

  0
• What is the valency of Groups 1 and 7?


  1
• What is the valency of Groups 2 and 6?

  2
• What is the valency of Groups 3 and 5?


  3
• What is the valency of Group 4?


  4
• What is an ion?

  A particle with a net electrical charge
• How can an ion be positive?

  More protons than electrons
• How can an ion be negative?

  More electrons than protons
• What happens to Fluorine when an electron is added?

  It becomes a negative ion with charge 1-
• What happens to Fluorine when an electron is removed?

  It becomes a positive ion with charge 1+
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms with the same protons but different neutrons
• What is relative atomic mass?

  Average weighted mass of isotopes