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Cells
Cell recognition and the immune system
Lymphocytes and cell mediated res
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Cards (81)
What is the main function of T lymphocytes?
Cell-mediated
immunity
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What is the difference between specific and non-specific defence mechanisms?
Specific
mechanisms are
slower
and
long-lasting
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What is the process called when pathogens are engulfed by cells?
Phagocytosis
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What forms after a pathogen is engulfed?
Phagosome
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What enzymes break down the engulfed pathogen?
Lysozymes
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What organelles release lysozymes?
Lysosomes
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What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes
(B cells)
T lymphocytes
(T cells)
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Where are lymphocytes produced?
Bone marrow
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What is the role of T cells in cell-mediated immunity?
Target
infected
body cells
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What do phagocytes do?
Ingest
and
destroy
pathogens
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What attracts phagocytes to the site of infection?
Chemical
products
from pathogens
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What is the vesicle called that forms during phagocytosis?
Phagosome
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How do lysosomes contribute to phagocytosis?
They
fuse
with
phagosomes
to release enzymes
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What is the primary immune response?
The body's
initial
response to infection
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What triggers antibody production in the body?
Presence of
non-self
antigens
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What are antigens?
Proteins
found on
invading
cells
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Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Bone marrow
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What type of immunity do B lymphocytes provide?
Humoral
immunity
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Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Thymus gland
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What do T lymphocytes respond to?
Antigens
presented
on body cells
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What are antigen-presenting cells?
Cells displaying
foreign
antigens
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What do cloned T cells become?
Memory cells
for future immunity
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What activates helper T cells?
Binding to
antigens
on
phagocytes
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What do cytotoxic T cells do?
Kill
abnormal
or
infected
cells
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What protein do cytotoxic T cells produce?
Perforin
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Why is killing infected cells important?
Stops
viral
replication
and
spread
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What is the role of memory cells?
Provide
future
immunity
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What is the significance of the integrity of healthy cell membranes?
Maintains
survival
of healthy cells
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What is the relationship between T lymphocytes and cancer cells?
T lymphocytes target
cancer
cells'
abnormal antigens
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How do T lymphocytes distinguish between normal and invader cells?
By recognizing
different
antigens
on surfaces
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What happens when T cells recognize a specific antigen?
They
activate
and
proliferate
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What is the role of phagocytes in the immune response?
Engulf
and
present
antigens
to T cells
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What is the function of the primary immune response?
Provides
initial
immunity
against infection
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What is the significance of the cellular response?
Targets
infected
body
cells
specifically
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How do T cell receptors function?
They recognize
specific
antigens
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What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?
Stimulate
other
immune
cells
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What is the importance of the immune system's ability to recognize antigens?
It enables
targeted
immune
responses
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What happens to the immune response after the initial exposure to an antigen?
It becomes
more
efficient
upon re-exposure
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What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?
Neutralize
pathogens and
mark
them for destruction
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How does the immune system adapt to new pathogens?
By
generating
diverse
lymphocyte
populations
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