5) homeostasis and responce

• What is the process that keeps the internal environment constant in the body?

  Homeostasis
• Why is homeostasis important for the body?

  It maintains optimum conditions for enzyme function
• Which systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis?

  Nervous system and hormones
• What three conditions does homeostasis control in the human body?

  Blood glucose concentration, body temperature, water level
• What are receptor cells and their functions?

  • Specialized cells that detect stimuli
  • Hand: touch, pressure, pain, temperature
  • Nose: chemicals in the air
  • Tongue: chemicals in food
  • Ear: changes in sound
  • Eye: light and color changes
• What is a reflex action?

  A rapid, automatic response to stimuli
• What does the endocrine system consist of?

  Glands that secrete hormones
• How do hormones travel in the body?

  They go directly into the blood
• What hormone do the testes produce?

  Testosterone
• What is the role of adrenaline in the body?

  Prepares the body for rapid activity
• What does the pancreas regulate?

  Blood sugar levels
• What is the function of the thyroid gland?

  Controls the rate of metabolism
• What is the role of the pituitary gland?

  Secretes growth hormone
• What happens when blood sugar is too high?

  The pancreas releases insulin
• What is diabetes?

  A disease where blood glucose is poorly controlled
• What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  Insufficient insulin production by the pancreas
• What are common symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?

  Frequent urination, tiredness, weight loss
• What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Regular insulin injections before meals
• What is Type 2 diabetes linked to?

  Obesity and lack of exercise
• What is the main hormone produced by the ovaries?

  Estrogen
• What happens during ovulation?

  An egg is released from the ovaries
• What are the main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

  • FSH: Causes egg maturation and stimulates estrogen
  • Estrogen: Stimulates uterus lining growth and inhibits FSH
  • LH: Triggers ovulation
  • Progesterone: Maintains uterus lining and inhibits FSH and LH
• What is the function of the cervix?

  Entrance to the uterus
• What is the purpose of contraceptive methods?

  To prevent pregnancy
• What are some methods of contraception?

  • Contraceptive pill: Low doses of hormones
  • Contraceptive patch: Inhibits FSH production
  • Condoms: Prevent sperm from reaching the egg
  • Abstinence: No sexual intercourse
• What is infertility treatment aimed at?

  Addressing reproductive system problems
• What can cause infertility in males?

  Lack of sperm production
• What can cause infertility in females?

  Damaged fallopian tubes
• What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

  Regulates the pituitary gland's functions
• What does glucagon do in the body?

  Increases blood sugar levels by converting glycogen
• What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

  Glucagon is released to raise blood sugar
• How do adrenal glands respond to stress?

  They produce adrenaline to prepare the body
• What is fertilization?

  Union of sperm and egg
• What are the implications of hormonal imbalances?

  Can lead to various health issues