B1

• What are cells considered in biology?

  The basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  A cell
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• What type of cells are animals and plants classified as?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the total number of cells in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  The genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  A mixture of sugars, salts, and water
• What is the process that occurs in chloroplasts?

  Photosynthesis
• What substance in chloroplasts absorbs light energy?

  Chlorophyll
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the genetic material in bacterial cells?

  A single circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA carrying extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel the bacteria for movement
• How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material?

  Prokaryotes lack a nucleus for DNA
• What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

  Unicellular organisms consist of one cell
• What is the consistency of cytoplasm compared to?

  Closer to jelly
• What is the role of aerobic respiration in cells?

  Breaks down sugars to release energy
• How do the functions of mitochondria and ribosomes differ?

  Mitochondria produce energy; ribosomes synthesize proteins
• Why do plant leaves appear green?

  Due to chlorophyll absorbing light energy
• What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substance movement
• What happens to a plant cell if too much water enters it?

  It could burst without a cell wall
• How do the structures of plant and animal cells support their functions?

  Plant cells have walls for support; animal cells do not
• What is the significance of ribosomes in both cell types?

  They are essential for protein synthesis
• What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  To conduct photosynthesis
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of structure?

  Bacteria lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
• What does microscopy refer to?

  Use of microscopes
• What is the relationship between the structure of bacterial cells and their function?

  Simple structure allows rapid reproduction
• What are the main components of a light microscope?

  Base, arm, light source, stage, lenses
• What supports the entire light microscope?

  The base at the bottom
• What is the role of the circular chromosome in bacteria?

  Contains all genes needed for survival
• What is the function of the arm in a light microscope?

  Connects the base to the top
• What do we call the gel-like substance in cells?

  Cytoplasm