C7

• What area of chemistry focuses on compounds containing carbon?

  Organic chemistry
• Why is carbon considered a useful element in chemistry?

  It can form four strong bonds
• What are hydrocarbons defined as?

  Compounds formed from carbon and hydrogen only
• What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10?

  Butane
• Why is butanol not considered a hydrocarbon?

  It contains an oxygen atom
• What is the simplest alkane?

  Methane
• How many hydrogen atoms are in ethane?

  Six
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C3H8
• How do the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms change in alkanes?

  They increase by one carbon and two hydrogens
• What is a homologous series in organic chemistry?

  A group of compounds with similar properties
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  CnH2n+2
• If an alkane has three carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it have?

  Eight
• What is the molecular formula for octane?

  C8H18
• What does it mean for alkanes to be saturated compounds?

  They have only single covalent bonds
• What happens to propane if one single bond is changed to a double bond?

  It becomes an alkene
• What are the first four alkanes in the series?

  1. Methane (C1H4)
  2. Ethane (C2H6)
  3. Propane (C3H8)
  4. Butane (C4H10)
• What are the properties of alkanes?

  • Saturated compounds
  • Only single covalent bonds
  • Similar chemical properties
• How do you derive the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane?

  • Use the formula: $H =$$2n +$$2$
  • Where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms
• What are alkanes classified as?

  A homologous series of hydrocarbons
• What elements do alkanes contain?

  Only carbon and hydrogen atoms
• What is a key characteristic of alkanes regarding bonds?

  They have no double bonds
• How many alkanes were covered in the video?

  The first four alkanes
• What happens to the boiling point of alkanes as the carbon chain length increases?

  The boiling point increases with chain length
• What state do the first four alkanes exist in at room temperature?

  Gases
• What happens to longer alkanes at room temperature?

  They are liquids or solids
• Why are shorter alkanes more volatile?

  They have lower boiling points
• How do longer alkanes compare in viscosity to shorter alkanes?

  Longer alkanes are more viscous
• What does it mean for a substance to be flammable?

  It is easier to ignite or burn
• What is the main use of hydrocarbons like alkanes?

  As fuel for energy release
• What is complete combustion?

  When hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O
• What type of reaction is combustion?

  An exothermic reaction
• What happens to hydrogen and carbon during combustion?

  They are oxidized by combining with oxygen
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C3H8
• How do you balance the combustion equation for propane?

  3 CO2 and 4 H2O on the right
• How many oxygen molecules are needed for the complete combustion of propane?

  5 O2 molecules
• What is the molecular formula for nonane?

  C9H20
• How many CO2 molecules are produced in the combustion of nonane?

  9 CO2 molecules
• How many H2O molecules are produced in the combustion of nonane?

  10 H2O molecules
• How many O2 molecules are needed for the complete combustion of nonane?

  14 O2 molecules
• What are the properties of alkanes related to carbon chain length?

  • Boiling point increases with chain length
  • Shorter alkanes are more volatile
  • Longer alkanes are more viscous
  • Shorter alkanes are more flammable