Acids, bases and salt preps

• Common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are


  soluble
• Nitrates


  All are soluble
• common chlorides are soluble except

  Silver and lead (II)
• Common sulfates are soluble except


  Barium, calcium and lead (II)
• Common carbonates are insoluble except

  sodium, potassium, ammonium
• Common hydroxides are insoluble except

  Sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)
• Metal + acid

  Salt + hydrogen
• metal oxide/hydroxide + acid

  salt + water
• Metal carbonate + acid

  Salt + water + carbon dioxide
• ammonia + acid

  ammonium salt
• what can act as bases?

  metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases.

  alkalis that are bases are soluble in water
• RP: pure dry sample of a soluble salt starting from an insoluble reactant

  • add excess of solid to acid
  • filter excess solid
  • evaporate water until crystals start to form
  • leave to cool and crystallise
  • filter crystals and dry with paper towel