Explaining Phobias

• Fill in the blank terms of Classical Conditioning

  A) Pavlov

  B) Unconditioned Stimulus

  C) Unconditioned response

  D) Neutral Stimulus

  E) No Response

  F) Food + Bell

  G) Unconditioned Response

  H) Conditioned Stimulus

  I) Conditioned Response

  J) Before

  K) During

  L) After

  
• What are the different types of phobias mentioned?

  Specific phobias and social phobias
• How do specific phobias differ from social phobias?

  Specific phobias are caused by one thing, rather than the environment the person is in
• What types of reactions can phobias cause in individuals?

  Behavioral, cognitive, or emotional reactions
• What is a neutral stimulus?

  An event that does not produce a response
• What is an unconditioned stimulus?

  An event that produces an innate reflex response
• What is a conditioned stimulus?

  An event that produces a learned response
• What is an unconditioned response?

  An innate reflex behavior to an unconditioned stimulus
• What is a conditioned response?

  A learned reflex behavior to a conditioned stimulus
• How does classical conditioning contribute to the development of phobias?

  It associates negative responses with conditioned stimuli
• What role does operant conditioning play in phobias?

  It reinforces phobias through positive or negative reinforcement
• What happens if someone scared of beaches loses their wallet there?

  It negatively reinforces their phobia
• What are the points regarding the development of phobias through trauma?

  • Phobias can develop through evolution
  • Exposure is not always necessary for phobia development
  • Classical conditioning may not explain all phobias
• How do classical and operant conditioning maintain phobias?

  • Classical conditioning creates phobias
  • Operant conditioning reinforces phobias
  • Actions conditioned can be retained over time
• What are the criticisms of classical conditioning in explaining phobias?

  • It oversimplifies phobia development
  • Ignores cognitive explanations
  • A+B causes fear rather than complex feelings