imperial terms

• Tribuna potestas - the right to veto and make laws, and be inviolate. Held by Augustus and Agrippa
• Imperium maius proconsulare - the right to command an army greater than that of a consul. Can override any imperator/governor. Awarded to Agrippa in 13 BC and Augustus in 19 BC
• Octavii - the family Octavian was born into, not very prominent political family
• Optimates

  • Dominant group - opposed Octavian
  • Blocked the wishes of others
  • Tried to hold up the oligarchy
• Populares

  • Forced to seek tribunician support in the tribal assembly
  • Sought popular support against the oligarchy
• Mos maiorum

  • ‘Way of elders/ancestors’
  • Moral and ethical code a society aspires to
• Constantia - perseverance
• Pietas - respect for gods, family and homeland "justice to the gods"
• Gravitas - dignity and seriousness
• Cultus - maintaining Roman-gods relationship through religio e.g. sacrifices
• Virtus - manliness and excellence for the glory of the republic.
• Dignitas - prestige and influence
• Religio - proper observation of religious practices
• Fides - honesty/reliability, politician would fulfil the expectations of their office
• Disciplina - self discipline, training and method. Either in a military context or a personal level to practise a skill. Contributed to military success.
• lustrum - five year census