families

• life expectancy and childhood - paragraph one?

  • Grandparents are alive at the same time as children
  • growth of the extended family
  • grandparents can support the child emotionally and financially
  • legal and generals survey: grandparents carry out £73 a week worth of childcare
  • life expectancy can positively effect childhood to increased support
• life expectancy and childhood - paragraph two?

  • grandparents with ill health, rise in beanpole families
  • close ties, sometimes under the same roof
  • ONS 2019 - over 65s is the fastest growing category, old age illnesses like cancer and dementia
  • family responsible for care, children are not as supported as parents have to divide their attention
• Marxism and the family - paragraph one?

  • socialises children into capitalist system
  • inevitability of hierarchy and inequality, althusser - ideological state apparatus
  • parents hold power over children, 'because i said so'
  • zaretsky argues the family is a private place where workers can be valued as individuals
• Marxism and the family - paragraph two?

  • inheritance
  • monogomous nuclear famillies pass assets to children
  • engels: women are an instrument for the production of children
  • women need liberating and production will be owned collectively not privately
  • marxists criticised for ignoring increasing family diversity
• marxism and the family - paragraph three?

  • family unit of consumption
  • advertisments pushed by businesses to pressure consumerism
  • pester power, evans and chandler
  • feminists argue its a woman problem, male gaxe (mulvey) create body image problems that spur consumerism
• marxism and the family - paragraph four?

  • ruling class hegemony drives consumption
  • families 'keep up with the Joneses' by getting latest products
  • Marx: false class consciousness keeps the working class from realising what theyre buying isnt for their benefit but for someone else
  • Postmodernists - no one message pushed by the media anymore
• Media ownership on news - paragraph one?

  • bourgoisie control the news to control working class
  • ruling class own majority of the media, media moguls eg rupert murdoch
  • tunstall & palmer - class interests of media owners and political elite overlap
  • weaponised to drive attention from working class struggles, maintaining false class consciousness
  • keeps revolution at boy
• media ownership on news - paragraph two?

  • news content controlled by the state
  • agenda setting - mccombs goes further suggesting that news media tells us what to think and how to think
  • governments can manipulate it for political gain
  • states such as russia and north korea use state censorship eg tiktok is banned in china
• mass media on young people - paragraph one?

  • no grasp on youth culture
  • reflects 60s concepts of mods and rockers (cohen) moral panics
  • good things not as reported on, such as less young people drinking, and problems not resported on such as the mental health crisis/unemployment
  • postmodernists: new media means young people can use social media to counter this
• mass media on young people - paragraph two?

  • news values more important than honesty in attracting an audience
  • negative/sensationalised articles more likely to be read
  • Wayne et al - mass media uses undimensional picture of young people to bring fear through sensationalisation
  • marxists - by focusing on social issues young people are distracted from the threat of capitalism
  • audiences are not passive, dont believe all they read about
• early media theories on new media - paragraph one?

  • McLuhan - 'global village', new media has collapsed time and space barriers in human communication
  • promoting cultural diversity, boundaries/global communities are blurred
  • Instagram/TikTok exemplify this, worldwide trends
  • cultural imperialism
• early media theories on new media - paragraph two?

  • neophiliacs, optimistic about spread/influence of new media
  • convergence and interactivity has expanded consumer choice
  • boyle - wide range of options for news consumptions
  • postmodernists: now gone too far, impossible to tell what is real and fake (baudrillard: hyper reality)
• early media theories on new media - paragraph three?

  • bourgeoisie ideological dominance
  • reinforces position of ruling class, creates an 'ideological smokescreen' that persuades working class to accept their position in society
  • Pluralists: diversity of mass media products, platforms and pressures influencing media production serve to ensure ideological domination cannot take place
• early media theories on new media - paragraph four?

  • marxists, journalists are socialised in dominant ideology so media reflects views of the ruling class
  • journalists have to tie this line as they depend on them for jobs
  • pluralists - proprietors are predominantly businessmen not editors
  • Whale - 'media moguls' eg rupert murdoch are too busy dealing with global business matters, not what story to run in a particular newspaper
  • people are not passive puppets