Hearing and Listening

• Hearing

  • It is an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort.
  • We are surrounded by sounds most of the time
  • For instance, we are accustomed to the rattling of pots and pans.
• Listening

  • Purposeful and focused rather than accidental
  • As a result, it requires motivation and effort
  • It is active, focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a speaker.
• What is the purpose of Listening?

  To understand
• Writing

  • The process of using symbols (letters of the alphabet, punctuation, and spaces) to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form.
• Symbols

  • Letters of the alphabet, punctuation, and spaces
• What is the purpose of an Argumentative Essay?

  To present compelling evidence
• An argumentative essay begins with?

  Issue statement (explains the topics)
• From the issue statement, an argumentative essay makes?


  Claim (a statement of support or opposition to the topic)
• Examples of Argumentative Text

  • The "War" on Religion
  • Spirituality and the Aging Brain
• 2 Forms of Persuasion Text

  • Persuasive Speech
  • Pesuasive Writing
• Persuasive Writing

  • The purpose of this is to persuade or convince
  • Thus, this will end with a straightforward "call to action" which asks the reader to do something to show that they agree with the author.
• Argumentative Essay

  • The author's purpose in crafting this is not to sell you on his or her point of view, but rather to present compelling evidence so that you acknowledge the validity of the argument
  • It begins with an issue statement.
  • From there, it makes a claim, a statement of support or opposition to the topic
• What is the purpose of a Persuasive Essay?

  To persuade/convince
• Statements used for Persuasive Writing

  • Now that you understand the issues, show your support by
  • Sign the petition today and ask your friends to do so too
• Examples of Persuasion

  • SMART and BTS Advertisement
  • Persuasive Speech
• Characteristics of Argumentative (SAAOU):

  • Starts with a topic, researches, and discusses
  • Appeals with logic
  • Appeals with evidence
  • Outlines multiple sides of the issue
  • Uses neutral writing voice
• Characteristics of Persuasive (SAACU):

  • Strong opinion
  • Appeals with logic
  • Appeals with evidence
  • Appeals with emotion
  • Calls reader to action
  • Uses passionate, urgent writing voice
• Argumentative writing is more formal and based on research, focusing on arguing a certain point logically. Whereas persuasive writing relies on personal opinion, emotional appeals, and non-formal types of debate to sway the reader.
• Argumentative

  • Tone is an authoritative voice
  • Reader will know the author's say
  • Knowing a great deal about other points of view
  • Language used is complex and uses jargons
• Persuasive

  • Tone is relaxed
  • Friendlier, and may appeal to the reader's emotions, ego, or sense of intelligence
  • Not quite so robust
  • Reader will know and agree with the author's conclusion
• Compelling Argument (CCET):

  • Claim
  • Cite
  • Evidence
  • Thesis Statement
• Claim

  • A statement that a person asserts as truth and nothing but truth
• Cite

  • State a source or provide an example to support a response
• Evidence

  • Refers to the information that supports our claim
• Thesis Statement

  • A sentence in a paper or essay (in the opening paragraph) that introduces the main topic to the reader
• Argument

  • Influences the reader by using evidence and reasoning to express a point of view and uncover a truth for the reader
  • Aimed to discover some versions of the truth using evidence and reasons
• An argument leads audience towards?

  Conviction
• Conviction

  • An agreement that the claim is true or reasonable or that the course of action is desirable
• Examples of Argument

  • Magazines
  • Journals
• Persuasion

  • Aggressively seeks to change the reader's opinion and stimulate an action based on the author's truth
  • It aims to change a point of view or to move others from conviction to action
  • Writers do this when they think they already know it
• Examples of Persuasion

  • Debates
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