Corynebacteria C. diphtheria

• What visual aid is used to help remember Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  A haunted corn maze scene
• What color does Carinibacterium diphtheriae appear in a gram stain?

  Purple
• Why is Carinibacterium diphtheriae classified as gram positive?

  It appears purple in a gram stain
• What shape is Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  Rod-shaped (bacillus)
• What unique feature does Carinibacterium diphtheriae have in its shape?

  It looks kind of like a club
• What must happen for Carinibacterium diphtheriae to produce a virulent exotoxin?

  It must be lysogenized by a bacteriophage
• What does lysogenized mean in the context of Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  A virus integrates its nucleic acid into the bacterium's genome
• What does the asthma inhaler symbolize in the video?

  Aerobic organisms that require oxygen
• What agar can Carinibacterium diphtheriae be grown on?

  Telluride agar
• What do the black colonies on cystine telluride agar indicate?

  Presence of Carinibacterium diphtheriae
• What do aniline dyes stain in Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  Metachromatic granules red and the rest blue
• How is Carinibacterium diphtheriae transmitted?

  Through aerosolized respiratory droplets
• What does the mist in the scene represent?

  Aerosolized respiratory droplets
• What condition does Carinibacterium diphtheriae cause?

  Pharyngitis
• What does the handcuffing in the scene symbolize?

  B subunit binding to host cell receptors and induce endocytosis of the toxin.
• What does the A subunit of the diphtheria toxin do?

  Inhibits host cell protein synthesis by inhibiting elongation factor 2. (EF-2)
• What does the extendable baton represent in the scene?

  Inhibits elongation factor 2
• What does the heat lamp symbolize in the scene?

  Fever in infected patients
• What is a pseudomembrane?

  A grayish white substance in the pharynx
• What does the rope in the scene resemble?

  Myelin sheath around an axon
• What does Carinibacterium diphtheriae cause in terms of toxicity?

  Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects
• What test can identify toxogenic strains of Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  Elic test
• What does Loffler's medium help to culture?

  Carinibacterium diphtheriae
• What does the syringe symbolize in the scene?

  A vaccine for diphtheria
• What should be administered immediately to prevent complications in diphtheria?

  Pre-formed anti-toxin administration
• Why is pre-formed anti-toxin administration prioritized over other treatments?

  It inactivates the diphtheria toxin before cell entry
• What does the gray exudate on the posterior pharynx indicate?

  Pseudomembrane associated with diphtheria
• What is the significance of the boy's recent move from Nepal?

  Suggests a lack of immunization
• What are the potential cardiac complications of diphtheria?

  Myocarditis, heart block, and arrhythmias
• What does the Y-shaped suspension tool represent?

  Pre-formed antibody or anti-toxin
• What is the role of the anti-toxin in diphtheria treatment?

  Neutralizes the diphtheria toxin
• What is the importance of administering the anti-toxin immediately?

  Prevents more toxin from entering cells
• What is the typical presentation of diphtheria in patients?

  Fever, pharyngitis, and gray exudate
• What is the significance of the granules that stain deeply with aniline dyes?

  Indicates presence of metachromatic granules
• What does the term "cardiotoxic" refer to in the context of Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  It affects the heart's function
• What does the term "neurotoxic" refer to in the context of Carinibacterium diphtheriae?

  It affects the nervous system's function
• What is the role of the B subunit in the diphtheria toxin?

  Induces endocytosis of the toxin
• What is the role of the A subunit in the diphtheria toxin?

  Inhibits elongation factor 2 during protein synthesis
• What is the significance of the grayish white substance in the pharynx?

  It is a pseudomembrane indicating diphtheria
• What does the term "toxoid vaccine" refer to?

  A vaccine that prevents diphtheria