M1: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

• A systematic question or problem, involving process of answering athe methodological formulation of a theoretical framework and methodology, collection, analysis and interpretation of pertinent data.

  Research
• A process for collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions.

  Research
• Criteria for Problem Selection

  • Interest
  • Newness of the topic
  • Significance of the topic
  • Availability of resources
  • Availability of data
  • Time Constraint
  • Qualification of the Researcher
  • Ethical Issues
• STEPS involved in Conducting a Research

  1. Identification of a Research Topic
  2. Identification of a Research Methodology
  3. Collection of Data
  4. Processing of Data
  5. Analyzing Data
  6. Preparation and Presentation of Final Study
• Classifications and Types of Research

  • Outcome
  • Purpose
  • Process
  • Time Dimension
• Whether you are trying to solve a particular problem or make a generalcontribution to knowledge.

  According to Outcome
• According to Outcome;

  1. Basic (Pure)
  2. Applied
• This seeks to contribute knowledge through the development of a theory or concept without emphasis on its immediate application.

  Basic (Pure)
• This seeks to provide solutions to problems through the development and evaluation of processes, policies and other activities that require specific courses actions.

  Applied
• The reason why you are doing the study

  According to Purpose
• According to Purpose;

  1. Descriptive Research
  2. Exploratory Research
  3. Comparative Research
  4. Evaluative Research
  5. Causal/Explanatory Research
  6. Correlational Research
  7. Experimental Research
• It describes the nature of a situation as it exists in the present condition.

  Descriptive Research
• Descriptive studies may be characterized as simply the attempt todetermine, describe or identify what, who, when.

  Descriptive Research
• Accounting Practices of Selected Outsourcing Companies in Pampanga

  It is an example of Descriptive Research
• Cash Management of DEF Company

  It is an example of Descriptive Research
• It is undertaken to gather initial data patterns or characteristics of variables in a situation where studies have not been done or minimal data are available to establish significant patterns or relationships of variables in a specified scope.

  Exploratory Research
• Some of the more appropriate verbs to use in Exploratory Research

  • Explore
  • Find out
  • Know
  • Examine
  • Investigate
• A study on the applicability of a new collection strategy for new customers.

  Example of Exploratory Research
• It is undertaken to confirm if two or more variables reveal similar or different patters of characteristics when compared, using a set of variables as standard bases.

  Comparative Research
• Some of the more appropriate verbs to use in Comparative Research

  • Compare
  • Determine similarities
  • Find out differences and contrast
• A Comparative Study Between the Japanese Principle of Personnel Management and the Actual Practice in a Philippine Based Japanese Company

  Example of Comparative Research
• It is conducted to assess performance outcome or impact of a set of variables on another one.

  Evaluative Research
• In Evaluative Research, the appropriate verbs to use in the statement of specific objectives are:

  • Evaluate
  • Assess
  • Appraise
  • Measure
  • Quantify
• A Study on the Implementation of the Approved Capital Budgeting Process in the different branches of MGV Company.

  Example of Evaluative Research
• It is carried to ascertain that the occurrence of, or change in the independent variables leads to changes in the dependent variables.

  Causal/Explanatory Research
• Some of the appropriate verbs to use in Causal/Explanatory Research are:

  • Analyze
  • Explain
  • Identify
• A study on the applicability of LIFO method in the food manufacturing companies in Region 3

  Example of Causal/Explanatory Research
• It is conducted to establish the fact that the outcome of certain patterns of relationships occur together in a specified manner without suggesting that one variable causes the other variable to change.

  Correlational Research
• The most appropriate verbs to use in Correlational Research are:

  • Correlate
  • Interrelate
• Types of Correlation

  • Positive Correlation
  • Negative Correlation
  • Zero Correlation
• Both variables change in the same direction

  Positive Correlation
• The variables change in opposite directions.

  Negative Correlation
• There is no relationship between the variables.

  Zero Correlation
• It is undertaken to determine the possible cause and effect relationships through experimental and control groups.

  Experimental Research
• Interpersonal Relationship Skills Building Program: An Experimental Study

  Example of Experimental Research
• The manner of collecting and analyzing data

  According to Process
• According to Process;

  1. Qualitative
  2. Quantitative
• It is a methodology used to gain an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.

  Qualitative
• Different Qualitative Methods

  • Focus group discussions
  • Interviews
  • Case studies
  • Content analysis
• A study on the behavior of the community in the tourism program of the mayor.

  Example of Qualitative Research