Movement Analysis

• What are the three components of all levers?

  Fulcrum

  Load

  Effort
• What does the fulcrum do?

  This is the point of movement, normally at the centre of a joint
• What does the load do?

  This is the body's weight or an external object - like a racquet or bat - that will move as a result of the effort on the lever
• What is the effort?

  A muscular force that moves the load.
• What are the three levers?

  First Class Lever (F-1)

  Second Class Lever (L-2)

  Third Class Lever (E-3)
• What are first class levers?

  Both the effort and the load work in the same direction and the fulcrum is in between both of them.
• What is an example of a first class lever being used?

  When the head and neck are being extended and flexed - nodding
• What is a second class lever?

  The fulcrum is at one end of the lever, the load is in the middle of the lever pushing down and the effort is at the other end of the lever to the fulcrum pushing up.
• What is an example where second class levers are being used?

  Going onto your tiptoes
• Why are second class levers at a mechanical advantage?

  The effort arm is longer than the resistance arm so less force needs to be applied to lift the load.
• What are third class levers?

  The fulcrum is at one end of the lever and the effort is in the middle of the lever. The load is at the opposite end to the fulcrum.
• What is an example where a third class lever is used

  A bicep curl
• Why is a third class lever at a mechanical disadvantage?

  The resistance arm is longer than the effort arm.
• What is the effort arm?

  The distance between the fulcrum and the effort - the longer the effort arm, the easier the work.
• What is the resistance arm?

  Distance between the load and the fulcrum - longer resistance arm means harder work.
• What are the 3 planes of movement?

  Sagittal plane

  Frontal plane

  Transverse plane
• What is the Sagittal plane?

  Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides
• What movements can occur in the Sagittal plane?

  The upwards and downwards movements of flexion and extension
• What is a sporting example where the Sagittal plane is used?


  Running
• What is the Frontal plane?

  Vertical plane dividing body into front and back.
• What movements can occur in the frontal plane?

  Sideways movements of adduction and abduction
• What is a sporting example where the Frontal plane is used?

  The leg action in breast stroke
• What is the Transverse plane?

  A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves.
• What movements occur with the Transverse plane?

  Rotation
• What is a sporting example where the Transverse plane is used?

  The arm action when bowling in cricket
• What are the 3 axis?

  Longitudinal

  Transverse

  Frontal
• Which plane does the Longitudinal axis work with?

  Transverse plane
• Which axis does the Transverse plane work with?

  Longitudinal
• Which plane does the Transverse axis work with?

  Sagittal
• Which axis does the Sagittal plane work with?

  Transverse
• Which axis does the Frontal plane work with?

  Frontal
• Which plane does the Frontal axis work with?

  Frontal
• What is the Longitudinal axis?

  Imaginary line passing through the body from head to toe.
• What is a sporting example where the longitudinal axis is used?

  Performing a pirouette
• What is the transverse axis?

  Imaginary line that runs through body horizontally from left to right.
• What is a sporting example where the Transverse axis is used?

  Performing a somersault
• What is the Frontal axis?

  Imaginary line that divides the body vertically into front and back
• What is a sporting example where the Frontal axis is used?

  A cartwheel