Energy systems

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Created by
James Stigwood

Cards (39)

  • What is the energy called that we use for muscle contractions
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
  • What are the 3 energy systems
    1. aerobic
    2. ATP-PC system
    3. Anaerobic
  • When is the aerobic energy system used
    when exercise intensity is low and oxygen supply is high
  • What does the aerobic energy system do
    breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water which, the presence of oxygen, is much more efficient
  • How many molecules of ATP can be produced after complete oxidation of glucose in the aerobic energy system
    38 molecules
  • What else can be broken down in the aerobic energy system
    amino acids
    fatty deposits
    proteins
  • What is meant by glycolysis
    a process which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy
  • what is the sarcoplasm
    fluid that surrounds the nucleas of the muscle fibre and is the site where anaerobic respiration takes place
  • what is meant by the krebs cycle
    a series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place using oxygen in the matrix of mitochondrion
  • What is the first stage of the aerobic energy system
    Glycolysis:
    >first stage is anaerobic (happens in the sarcoplasm)
    >breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
    >beta oxidation occurs
  • What is the second stage of the aerobic energy system
    Krebs cycle:
    > 2 acetyl groups diffuse into the matrix of mitochondria
    >Acetyl groups combine with oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid
    >Acetyl-coenzyme A enters the matrix
    >Hydrogen is removed
    >Citric acid undergoes 'oxidative carboxylation' meaning carbon and hydrogen are given off
    > Carbon forms carbon dioxide which is transported to the lungs and breathed out
    > Hydrogen is taken to the electron transport chain
    > Results in 2 ATP molecules
  • What is the third stage of the aerobic energy system
    Electron transport chain:
    > Hydrogen is carried to the electron transport chain
    > Occurs in the cristae
    > Hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions and electrons
    > Charged with a potential energy
    > Hydrogen ions are oxidized to form water
    > Hydrogen electrons provide energy to re-synthesize ATP
    > Results in 34 ATP molecules
  • What is the process of beta oxidation
    Fatty acids are converted into acetyl coenzyme A for which they then enter the krebs cycle
  • What are some advantages for the aerobic energy system
    >more than 36 ATP produced
    >no fatiguing by products
    >lots of glycogen stores so exercise can last for a long time
  • What are some disadvantages to the aerobic energy system
    > complicated energy system so cannot be immediately used
    > takes a while for oxygen to become available
    > requires 15% more oxygen to be broken down than glycogen
  • What is phosphocreatine

    an energy-rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
  • What does the ATP-PC system use as fuel
    Phosphocreatine
  • What are some sporting example for the ATP-PC energy system
    Shot put
    long jump take off
  • How long does the ATP-PC system last
    3-10 seconds
  • hwo does the ATP-PC system provide energy

    via coupled reactions
  • what is a coupled reaction
    when the products of one reaction, is then used in a subsequent reaction
  • What happens when ATP levels fall
    The enzyme creatine kinase is released
  • What breaks down the PC bonds
    Creatine kinase
  • what type of reaction is the break down of PC bond
    exothermic
  • Does the ATP-PC system require oxygen
    NO- anaerobic reaction
  • What ratio is the ATP-PC system
    1:1
  • Does the ATP-PC system have any fatiguing by-products
    NO
  • True or false:
    The ATP-PC energy system is considered the most inefficient energy system

    True
  • How does the ATP-PC energy system work
    Phosphocreatine -> Phosphate + Creatine + Energy
    Energy is then used to convert ADP into ATP in a coupled reaction
    Energy -> Phospahte + ADP -> ATP
  • What are some advantages to the ATP-PC energy system
    > can be re-synthesized rapidly
    > no fatiguing by-products
    > It is possible to extend the time of the ATP-PC system by using creatine supplements
  • What are some disadvantages of the ATP-PC energy system
    > only lasts a maximum of 10 seconds
    > only 1 PC can re synthesize 1 ATP
    > only take place in the presence of oxygen
  • What is the Anaerobic glycolysis system
    produces high powered energy for high intensity effort
  • What is a sporting example of when the anaerobic glycolysis system may be used
    400m sprint
  • What are some of the flaws of the anaerobic glycolysis energy system
    it is dependent on the athletes fitness and how high the exercise intensity is
  • In the anaerobic glycolysis energy system whatt fuel is used
    glucose
  • Where is the glucose supplied from
    carbohydrates
  • How does the anaerobic glycolysis energy system work
    > when PC stores are low the glycogen phosphorlayse enzyme is activated to break glycogen into glucose
    > it is then broken down to pyruvic acid by the phusofructokinase enzyme
    > pyruvic acid is then broken down into lactic acid by the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme
    > 2 molecules of ATP are produced for one molecule of glucose
  • What are some advantages of the anaerobic glycolysis system
    > re-sysnthesized quickly due to very few chemical reaction s
    > in the presence of oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back to the liver glycogen and then used as energy
    > last longer than the ATP-PC system
  • What are some disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolysis system
    > fatiguing by product of lactic acid IF oxygen is not present
    > only a small amount of energy can be released
    > acid accumulation can de-nature enzymes preventing them increasing rate