Energy systems

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    Created by
    James Stigwood

    Cards (39)

    • What is the energy called that we use for muscle contractions
      Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
    • What are the 3 energy systems
      1. aerobic
      2. ATP-PC system
      3. Anaerobic
    • When is the aerobic energy system used
      when exercise intensity is low and oxygen supply is high
    • What does the aerobic energy system do
      breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water which, the presence of oxygen, is much more efficient
    • How many molecules of ATP can be produced after complete oxidation of glucose in the aerobic energy system
      38 molecules
    • What else can be broken down in the aerobic energy system
      amino acids
      fatty deposits
      proteins
    • What is meant by glycolysis
      a process which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy
    • what is the sarcoplasm
      fluid that surrounds the nucleas of the muscle fibre and is the site where anaerobic respiration takes place
    • what is meant by the krebs cycle
      a series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place using oxygen in the matrix of mitochondrion
    • What is the first stage of the aerobic energy system
      Glycolysis:
      >first stage is anaerobic (happens in the sarcoplasm)
      >breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
      >beta oxidation occurs
    • What is the second stage of the aerobic energy system
      Krebs cycle:
      > 2 acetyl groups diffuse into the matrix of mitochondria
      >Acetyl groups combine with oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid
      >Acetyl-coenzyme A enters the matrix
      >Hydrogen is removed
      >Citric acid undergoes 'oxidative carboxylation' meaning carbon and hydrogen are given off
      > Carbon forms carbon dioxide which is transported to the lungs and breathed out
      > Hydrogen is taken to the electron transport chain
      > Results in 2 ATP molecules
    • What is the third stage of the aerobic energy system
      Electron transport chain:
      > Hydrogen is carried to the electron transport chain
      > Occurs in the cristae
      > Hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions and electrons
      > Charged with a potential energy
      > Hydrogen ions are oxidized to form water
      > Hydrogen electrons provide energy to re-synthesize ATP
      > Results in 34 ATP molecules
    • What is the process of beta oxidation
      Fatty acids are converted into acetyl coenzyme A for which they then enter the krebs cycle
    • What are some advantages for the aerobic energy system
      >more than 36 ATP produced
      >no fatiguing by products
      >lots of glycogen stores so exercise can last for a long time
    • What are some disadvantages to the aerobic energy system
      > complicated energy system so cannot be immediately used
      > takes a while for oxygen to become available
      > requires 15% more oxygen to be broken down than glycogen
    • What is phosphocreatine

      an energy-rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
    • What does the ATP-PC system use as fuel
      Phosphocreatine
    • What are some sporting example for the ATP-PC energy system
      Shot put
      long jump take off
    • How long does the ATP-PC system last
      3-10 seconds
    • hwo does the ATP-PC system provide energy

      via coupled reactions
    • what is a coupled reaction
      when the products of one reaction, is then used in a subsequent reaction
    • What happens when ATP levels fall
      The enzyme creatine kinase is released
    • What breaks down the PC bonds
      Creatine kinase
    • what type of reaction is the break down of PC bond
      exothermic
    • Does the ATP-PC system require oxygen
      NO- anaerobic reaction
    • What ratio is the ATP-PC system
      1:1
    • Does the ATP-PC system have any fatiguing by-products
      NO
    • True or false:
      The ATP-PC energy system is considered the most inefficient energy system

      True
    • How does the ATP-PC energy system work
      Phosphocreatine -> Phosphate + Creatine + Energy
      Energy is then used to convert ADP into ATP in a coupled reaction
      Energy -> Phospahte + ADP -> ATP
    • What are some advantages to the ATP-PC energy system
      > can be re-synthesized rapidly
      > no fatiguing by-products
      > It is possible to extend the time of the ATP-PC system by using creatine supplements
    • What are some disadvantages of the ATP-PC energy system
      > only lasts a maximum of 10 seconds
      > only 1 PC can re synthesize 1 ATP
      > only take place in the presence of oxygen
    • What is the Anaerobic glycolysis system
      produces high powered energy for high intensity effort
    • What is a sporting example of when the anaerobic glycolysis system may be used
      400m sprint
    • What are some of the flaws of the anaerobic glycolysis energy system
      it is dependent on the athletes fitness and how high the exercise intensity is
    • In the anaerobic glycolysis energy system whatt fuel is used
      glucose
    • Where is the glucose supplied from
      carbohydrates
    • How does the anaerobic glycolysis energy system work
      > when PC stores are low the glycogen phosphorlayse enzyme is activated to break glycogen into glucose
      > it is then broken down to pyruvic acid by the phusofructokinase enzyme
      > pyruvic acid is then broken down into lactic acid by the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme
      > 2 molecules of ATP are produced for one molecule of glucose
    • What are some advantages of the anaerobic glycolysis system
      > re-sysnthesized quickly due to very few chemical reaction s
      > in the presence of oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back to the liver glycogen and then used as energy
      > last longer than the ATP-PC system
    • What are some disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolysis system
      > fatiguing by product of lactic acid IF oxygen is not present
      > only a small amount of energy can be released
      > acid accumulation can de-nature enzymes preventing them increasing rate
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