Plant reproduction

• Asexual features


  . Doesn't involve gametes- single somatic cell.

  . 1 parent is required so there is no fusion or mixing of DNA.

  . Division by budding fission or fragmentation.

  . Small chance of variation.

  . Lower organisms such as bacteria.
• What is the male part of the flower called?

  Stamen
• What structures are inside the stamen?

  Anther and filament
• What is the filament?

  A stem-like structure that holds the anther up in position
• What is the anther?

  The male sex cell produced and released.
• What is the female part of the flower called?

  Carpel
• What are the structures found in the carpel?

  Stigma, style, ovary and ovule
• What is the stigma?

  The top part of the carpel where pollen needs to land and attach to collect pollen grains from the male.
• What is the style?

  Connects the stigma to the ovary.
• What is the ovary and ovule?

  Ovary- produces the female sex cell (ovum)

  Ovule- the egg cell (female sex cell)- contains the sex cell and found in the ovary.
• What does the sepal do?


  protects the flower that hasn't yet opened.
• What is cross-pollination?


  The transfer of pollen from one flower to the stigma of another.

  • involves genetic variation.
• What is self-pollination?


  the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower

  • not much genetic variation.
• Insect pollination


  . Insect landing on the anther.

  . Large and bright flowers to attract insects.

  . Scented with nectar which attracts insects.

  . The anther stays up right to allow insects to land.

  . Pollen grains are sticky and in moderate amounts.
• Wind pollination


  . Small and dull as there is no need to attract insects.

  . No scent of nectar.

  . Smooth and light to be carried easily in the wind.

  . Outside of the flower- loose on long filaments so pollen is released easily.

  . Outside- feathered so forms network to catch pollen grains drifting in the wind.
• What is pollination?


  The transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower or plant to allow fertilisation.
• What must occur before fertilisation in plants?

  Pollination
• What does a mature pollen grain contain?

  Two male sex cells
• Where does the pollen grain land for fertilisation to occur?

  On the female stigma
• What does the pollen grain grow to facilitate fertilisation?

  A pollen tube
• What is the name of the opening the pollen tube enters?

  Micropyle
• What do male sex cells travel through to reach the female ovule?

  The pollen tube
• What happens when one male sex cell fuses with the female egg?

  It fertilises the egg
• What does the fertilised egg develop into?

  A seed
• What does the other male sex cell form when it attaches to two cells in the embryo sack?

  An endosperm
• What is the function of the endosperm?

  Provides starchy food for the seed
• What happens to the ovary after fertilisation?

  It enlarges and becomes a fruit
• What does the fruit surround after fertilisation?

  The internal seeds
• What can happen after fertilisation in plants?

  Fruits and seeds can be dispersed.

  • Using seeds- can grow into a new plant under correct conditions.
  • Completing the long cycle of sexual reproduction in plants.
• 


  Structure of a flower

  
• 


  Fertilisation in a flower