The King's Great Matter and Break from Rome

• What years are considered 'years without a policy' in the King's Great Matter?

  1529 to 1531
• Why did Wolsey fail in his attempts regarding the King's Great Matter?

  There was no easy solution to the divorce
• Who replaced Wolsey as Lord Chancellor?

  Thomas More
• How did Thomas More's approach differ from Wolsey's?

  More was less pragmatic than Wolsey
• What common ground did Henry share with religious reformers?

  Both viewed the Church as an obstacle
• What were the two clear objectives of Henry's campaign from 1529 to 1534?

  Obtain a divorce and control the Church
• What did Henry do to pressure the English clergy?

  He pressured them not to oppose his divorce
• When did historians suggest Henry considered divorcing Catherine without the Pope's permission?

  As early as 1527
• What was the significance of the revival of the law of Praemunire in 1530?

  It charged clergy for supporting Wolsey
• What did Henry demand from the clergy in 1531?

  Recognition as 'supreme head' of the Church
• What was the 'Supplication against the Ordinaries' introduced by Cromwell?

  A petition addressing clergy abuses
• What was the significance of the Act of Parliament passed in January 1532?

  It prevented payment of annates to Rome
• What did the Act in Restraint of Appeals accomplish?

  Denied appeals to the Pope in England
• Why was the 'Submission of the Clergy' significant for Henry?

  It allowed him to veto Church laws
• What did the Royal Supremacy Act of 1534 declare?

  The King as head of the Church
• What was the punishment for denying royal supremacy under the Treason Act?

  Death
• How did the Act of Supremacy change the Church's governance?

  It placed the Church under the King's control
• What was the long-term consequence of royal supremacy?

  Shift towards religious concerns over political
• What were the key events leading to Henry's divorce in 1533?

  1. Act of Restraint in Appeals passed
  2. Court convened under Archbishop Cranmer
  3. Marriage to Catherine declared invalid
  4. Anne Boleyn crowned as Queen
• What were the implications of the Act of Supremacy for the Church of England?

  • Established the King as head of the Church
  • Allowed the King to control Church organization and doctrine
  • Marked a significant shift in religious authority
• What were the immediate effects of the Act of Supremacy?

  • Declared royal supremacy over the Church
  • Enabled further reforms and dissolution of monasteries
  • Set the stage for changes in doctrine
• Who played a significant role in collecting evidence of clergy abuses?

  Thomas Cromwell
• What was the role of Lollards in the Church reform movement?

  They supported Luther and anti-clericalism
• What event in 1532 was crucial for Henry's plans regarding the Church?

  Death of the Archbishop of Canterbury
• How did the relationship between Henry VIII and the Pope evolve during this period?

  It shifted from pressure to direct challenge
• What was the impact of the dissolution of monasteries on the Church of England?

  It significantly altered Church structure and power
• What was the role of Parliament in the Reformation process?

  It facilitated Henry's legislative changes
• What was the historical context of the Reformation in Europe during Henry's reign?

  Growing power of monarchs over the Church
• What was the significance of Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn?

  It was pivotal for the Reformation's progress