2.2 Assembly of RNA chain from Activated Nucelotides

Cards (28)

  • What is the process of assembling RNA from activated nucleotides called?
    Transcription
  • What enzyme is responsible for RNA molecule assembly?
    RNA polymerase
  • What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
    It assembles RNA using DNA as a template
  • What is the sequence of nucleotides called that is found ahead of the gene to be transcribed?
    Promoter
  • How does RNA polymerase recognize the promoter?
    It has a complementary structure that attaches
  • What happens after RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter?
    It unwinds about two turns of the DNA helix
  • What does RNA polymerase do as it moves along the DNA strand?
    It unwinds and separates the DNA strands
  • What is the first step in adding a new activated RNA nucleotide?
    A hydrogen bond forms between DNA and RNA base
  • What happens to the phosphate radicals during RNA nucleotide addition?
    Two of three phosphates are broken away
  • What is released when the phosphate bonds are broken?
    Large amounts of energy
  • What is the purpose of the energy released from broken phosphate bonds?
    To cause covalent linkage in RNA chain
  • What sequence does RNA polymerase encounter at the end of the DNA gene?
    Chain-terminating sequence
  • What happens when RNA polymerase reaches the chain-terminating sequence?
    It breaks away from the DNA strand
  • What happens to the newly formed RNA chain after transcription?
    It is released into the nucleoplasm
  • How does the RNA chain relate to the DNA template?
    It transmits the DNA code in complementary form
  • What are the base pairing combinations between DNA and RNA?
    • Guanine pairs with Cytosine
    • Cytosine pairs with Guanine
    • Adenine pairs with Uracil
    • Thymine pairs with Adenine
  • What are the different types of RNA mentioned?
    Pre-mRNA, snRNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, miRNA
  • What is the primary role of pre-mRNA?
    It is processed to form mature mRNA
  • What are the two types of segments found in pre-mRNA?
    Introns and exons
  • What happens to introns during mRNA processing?
    They are removed by splicing
  • What is the function of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?
    It directs the splicing of pre-mRNA
  • What does messenger RNA (mRNA) do?
    It carries genetic code to the cytoplasm
  • What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
    It transports activated amino acids to ribosomes
  • What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) involved in?
    It forms ribosomes for protein assembly
  • What do ribosomes consist of?
    Ribosomal RNA and proteins
  • What is the function of microRNA (miRNA)?
    It regulates gene transcription and translation
  • How long are microRNA (miRNA) molecules?
    21 to 23 nucleotides
  • What are the roles of the six types of RNA in protein synthesis?
    • Pre-mRNA: Processed to form mRNA
    • snRNA: Directs splicing of pre-mRNA
    • mRNA: Carries genetic code to cytoplasm
    • tRNA: Transports amino acids to ribosomes
    • rRNA: Forms ribosomes for protein assembly
    • miRNA: Regulates gene transcription and translation