3.1 Synthesis of Other Substances in the Cell

• What do protein enzymes control in cells?

  All other chemical reactions
• What substances do enzymes promote the synthesis of?

  Lipids, glycogen, purines, pyrimidines
• What is discussed in Chapters 68 through 70?

  • Synthetic processes related to:
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Lipid metabolism
  • Protein metabolism
• How do substances contribute to cells?

  They contribute to various cell functions
• What do genes control in cells?

  Physical and chemical functions
• Why must the activation of genes be controlled?

  To prevent cell overgrowth and overactivity
• How many genes are approximately in each cell?

  About 30,000 genes
• What are the two methods of controlling biochemical activities in cells?

  1. Genetic regulation

  • Controls gene activation and products

  1. Enzyme regulation

  • Controls activity levels of formed enzymes
• What is the difference between genetic regulation and enzyme regulation?

  Genetic regulation controls gene activation; enzyme regulation controls enzyme activity