Civil rights

• Integration 


  The opposite of segregation- people of different races mixing
• Segregation 


  Separating people based on race
• Brown v Topeka

  Linda brown wanted to attend a neighbourhood school rather than a school far away for black students. evidence proved seperate but equal was harmful so they banned school segregation but there were still loop holes
• Brown v topeka 


  court case which meant segregation was illegal
• Little Rock high school in Arkansas

  September 3rd 1957 black students were allowed to go to a white school but government fabus sent troops to prevent students from entering the school
• Montgomery bus boycott 


  After rosa parks arrest black civilians were angry and decided to boycott do they stopped getting on the bus. The bus company almost went bankrupt. due to the close bankruptcy, public buses were desegregated
• Rosa parks 


  Rosa parks refused to give her seat up for a white person and was arrested
• Claudette Colvin 


  Refused to give her seat up for a white person and was arrested, before trial she fell pregnant at 15 and the trial was called off
• emmet till


  Young black boy who visited the deep south to see family. He was accused of wolf whistling at a white woman and was later kidnapped and beaten until death. His case wasn’t taken seriously
• Boycott 


  To refuse to buy, use or participate in something as a form of protest
• Political change was hard because black people were unable to vote because their owners threatened them
• White Americans treated black people badly

  They limited rights

  Addressed them as boy or girl not sir or Madame

  beat black people

  Made them unable to vote

  Lynched them
• Lynching 


  Killing people with no legal trial (typically hanging)
• what did black people face during segregation

  -had the worst paid jobs and lived in the poorest parts of town (ghettos) which had really poor facilities
• The south 


  The south was openly racist and segregation was legal. Which followed under the Jim crows law
• public places 


  Black people were not able to eat in ‘white Restaurants’ and they could be thrown off buses and arrested if they did not sit in the coloured section of the bus
• Schools 


  Schools were equipped with less equipment in black schools and they often had less education compared to white schools
• Politicians

  Many politicians in the north where against slavery but in the southern states, many politicians wanted slavery to be legal
• Jim crows laws 


  Black Americans worked on plantations and they were unable to vote and get a good education so they had a lesser life
• Plessy vs fergurison

  Separate but equal- this was hard to prove against
• Literacy tests 


  they made Tests very hard for people of colour because the right to vote means power and means people of colour will vote against laws that are oppressing them
• Places where segregation occurred

  Education

  Transport

  Shops

  Toilets

  Cinemas

  Restaurants
• NAACP- national association for the advancement of coloured People

  Multi racial and increased from 50,000 to 600,000 and they wanted to ensure the pol educational, social, economic equality of rights of all persons to eliminate racial hatred and discrimination
• CORE- congress of racial equality

  James farmer a young black activist founded the CORE and was inspired by Gandhi. The aims were to be non violent to highlight the issues of segregation  
• Precedent


  set the line that dictates what everyone does