Titration

• Titration allows you to find exactly what volume of acid is needed to neutralise a measured volume of an alkali
• Titration practical

  • Use the pipette and pipette filler to add a measured volume of sodium hydroxide solution to a clean conical flask
  • Add a few drops of indicator and put the conical flask on a white tile
  • Fill the burette with hydrochloric acid and note the starting volume.
  • Slowly add the acid from the burette to the alkali in the conical flask, swirling to mix
  • Stop adding the acid when the indicator first permanently changes colour and note the final volume reading
  • Repeat steps 1 to 5 to find an average
• To find the titre subtract the end volume from the initial volume
• Repeating titrations and finding an average with results within 0.1 cm $^3$ will get rid of anomalous results and improve the accuracy of the result
• Using methyl orange as an indicator for titration is good as it provides a sudden colour change
• Methyl orange is red in acids
• Methyl orange is yellow in alkalis
• Titration apparatus

  A) Burette with acid

  B) Clamp stand

  C) Volume of alkali with indicator