Birth Rates

• What is the study of population sizes and structures called?

  Demography
• What does demography examine?

  Birth rates, death rates, and migration trends
• What is the crude birth rate?

  The rate at which babies are born
• How is the birth rate commonly defined?

  Number of births compared to total population
• According to Merriam-Webster, how is birth rate defined?

  Ratio between births and individuals in a population
• How do demographers measure the crude birth rate?

  By computing births per thousand members
• If a population's birth rate is 20, what does it indicate?

  20 live babies per thousand citizens
• What is the total fertility rate (TFR)?

  Average number of children women have
• Why is measuring birth rates important?

  It helps understand population growth or decline
• How do birth rates and fertility rates together inform demographers?

  They indicate if a population is shrinking or growing
• What is natural change in population studies?

  Difference between births and deaths
• How many years has the UK had more births than deaths since 1901?

  Every year except one
• What was the UK's population in 1901?

  Around 38 million
• What is the UK's population now according to the World Bank?

  More than 65 million
• How has the UK's population growth rate changed since the 20th century?

  It has significantly declined
• What was the average population growth rate in the early 20th century?

  1 percent per year
• What is the UK's birth rate in 2022?

  11.322
• What does a declining birth rate indicate about population growth?

  Population growth is still occurring
• What does the World Population Review provide?

  Insights into global birth rates
• What was the average global birth rate in 2021?

  17.873
• Which country had the highest birth rate in 2021?

  Nigeria
• Which country had the lowest birth rate in 2021?

  Monaco
• What do sociologists examine regarding birth rates?

  Nature, origins, and impacts of changes
• What does individualisation refer to in the context of declining birth rates?

  Decline of traditional norms and values
• How has increased secularisation affected birth rates?

  Contraception is less stigmatized
• What do some sociologists argue about childlessness?

  It's not always a choice for individuals
• How do changing gender roles impact birth rates?

  Women have more opportunities and less pressure
• What was the estimated TFR in the UK in 1900?

  3.5 children per woman
• What is the estimated TFR in the UK in 2021?

  1.58 children per woman
• How has the perception of being 'childless' changed?

  Many women see themselves as 'child-free'
• What is the trend between a country's wealth and its birth rate?

  Wealthier countries tend to have lower birth rates
• What factors contribute to lower birth rates in wealthier countries?

  Decreased infant mortality and improved living standards
• Why do adults have fewer children in wealthier countries?

  Children are no longer economic assets
• How has child labor affected birth rates historically?

  Child labor has been banned, reducing economic need
• What is the dependency ratio?

  Relationship between workers and dependents
• How does a lower birth rate affect the dependency ratio?

  Fewer working-age people and more dependents
• What has offset the impact of declining birth rates in the UK?

  High levels of migration into the country
• How can falling fertility rates affect gender roles?

  Gives women more time for careers
• What trend has been observed in family sizes in the UK?

  Families are generally much smaller now
• What is the most common family size in the UK?

  Two children