Intro

• What is the empirical formula?

  The simplest whole number ratio of atoms
• What does the molecular formula represent?

  The true number of atoms in a compound
• What is a general formula in organic chemistry?

  It applies to all members of a homologous series
• What does a structural formula show?

  The structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule
• What is a displayed formula?

  Shows every atom and every bond in a compound
• What does a skeletal formula illustrate?

  Shows only the bonds and non-carbon atoms
• What are isomers?

  Molecules with the same molecular formula
• What are structural isomers?

  Isomers with different structural arrangements of atoms
• What are position isomers?

  Isomers with functional groups in different positions
• What is a homologous series?

  A series of compounds with a general formula
• How do members of a homologous series differ?

  Each differs by CH2
• What happens to boiling points in a homologous series?

  Boiling points increase with chain length
• What do reaction mechanisms show?

  The movement of electrons within a reaction
• What are the CIP priority rules used for?

  To determine E or Z isomerism
• How do you apply CIP rules to determine isomerism?

  Look at the first and second atoms attached
• What indicates a Z isomer in compound A?

  Highest priority groups on the same side
• What are functional group isomers?

  Isomers with different functional groups
• What are stereoisomers?

  Isomers with different spatial arrangements
• What is E-Z isomerism?

  Isomerism due to limited rotation around double bonds
• What does the E isomer mean?

  Functional groups on opposite sides
• What does the Z isomer mean?

  Functional groups on the same side