Cards (18)

    • What do genetic explanations for crime suggest?
      Offenders inherit genes that predispose them
    • What do twin studies illustrate about genetics and crime?
      • Higher concordance rates in identical twins (MZ)
      • 35% for MZ males, 13% for DZ males
      • Suggests inherited behavior and traits
    • Who studied over 3500 twin pairs in Denmark?
      Karl Christiansen
    • What was the concordance rate for identical twin males found by Christiansen?
      35%
    • What was the concordance rate for non-identical twin males found by Christiansen?
      13%
    • What did Raymond Crowe find about adopted children with criminal biological mothers?
      50% risk of a criminal record by 18
    • What was the risk of a criminal record for adopted children without criminal biological mothers?
      5%
    • What did Jari Tiihonen's genetic analysis suggest about violent crime?
      • Two genes: MAOA and CDH13 linked to violence
      • MAOA regulates serotonin, linked to aggression
      • CDH13 linked to substance abuse and ADHD
      • 5-10% of severe violent crime in Finland attributed to these genes
    • What does the MAOA gene regulate?
      Serotonin in the brain
    • What is the diathesis-stress model in relation to offending behavior?
      Combination of genetics and environmental triggers
    • What are the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (APD)?
      • Reduced emotional responses
      • Lack of empathy for others
      • Common among convicted offenders
    • Who conducted studies on the APD brain?
      Adrian Raine
    • What did Raine's studies find about the prefrontal cortex in individuals with APD?
      Reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex
    • What percentage reduction in grey matter volume did Raine find in the prefrontal cortex of APD individuals?
      11%
    • Who found that offenders with APD can experience empathy?
      Christian Keysers
    • What do mirror neurons suggest about empathy in offenders with APD?
      • Offenders can experience empathy sporadically
      • Empathy activated when asked to empathize
      • Indicates a neural 'switch' for empathy
    • What happens to the empathy reaction in offenders with APD when they are prompted?
      It activates controlled by mirror neurons
    • How does the empathy reaction of offenders with APD differ from non-offenders?
      Offenders have a neural switch for empathy
    See similar decks