Kinetics AS

• What is required for a chemical reaction to occur?

  Particles must collide with sufficient energy
• What is activation energy in a chemical reaction?

  Minimum energy needed for a reaction
• How does particle orientation affect chemical reactions?

  Correct orientation is necessary for successful collisions
• What are the reaction conditions that can be altered to increase reaction rates?

  • Temperature
  • Concentration
  • Pressure
• How do reaction conditions impact particle collisions?

  They can provide particles with more energy
• What is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

  Energy distribution pattern of molecules

  
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution when reaction conditions change?

  Its shape alters, affecting activation energy

  
• What does the area under the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve represent?

  Total number of molecules in the sample

  
• Why do most collisions not lead to a reaction?

  Particles often lack activation energy
• What is the rate of reaction?

  Speed at which a chemical reaction occurs
• What happens to molecules when a substance is heated?

  They gain thermal energy and move faster
• How does increased molecular movement affect reaction rates?

  More collisions occur with greater energy
• What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of reaction?

  It increases the rate due to more energetic collisions
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at higher temperatures?

  It shifts to the right, increasing energetic molecules

  
• How does increasing concentration affect reaction rates?

  More molecules lead to more frequent collisions
• What is the effect of increasing pressure on reaction rates?

  Molecules are packed closer, increasing collisions
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with increased pressure?

  It shifts to the right, indicating more energetic molecules

  
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that increases reaction rate without consumption
• How does a catalyst affect activation energy?

  It provides an alternative path with lower activation energy
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve when a catalyst is used?

  Its shape remains unchanged, but activation energy shifts left

  
• What is the effect of a small temperature increase on reaction rates?

  It can lead to a large increase in rate