C7- organic chem

• What are organic compounds primarily composed of?

  Carbon forming the backbone of molecules
• What is crude oil a result of?

  Plankton being buried underwater long ago
• What are hydrocarbons made up of?

  Carbon and hydrogen atoms
• What are alkanes?

  Chains of single covalently bonded carbon atoms
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  CnH2n+2
• What suffix do all alkane names end with?

  -ane
• What does the prefix "meth-" indicate in alkane names?

  1 carbon atom
• What does the prefix "eth-" indicate in alkane names?

  2 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "prop-" indicate in alkane names?

  3 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "but-" indicate in alkane names?

  4 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "pent-" indicate in alkane names?

  5 carbon atoms
• What does the prefix "hex-" indicate in alkane names?

  6 carbon atoms
• What is the process used to separate different length alkanes from crude oil?

  • Fractional distillation
  • Heat crude oil to evaporate
  • Gases rise in a fractionating column
  • Different boiling points cause condensation at different heights
• Why do longer alkanes have higher boiling points?

  Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy
• What is LPG?

  Liquid petroleum gas
• What is the main use of petrol?

  Fuel for cars
• What is kerosene primarily used for?

  Jet fuel
• What is diesel oil used for?

  Cars and lorries
• What is heavy fuel oil used for?

  Large ships
• What does complete combustion of alkanes produce?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• How does viscosity change with alkane length?

  Longer fractions are more viscous
• What is the relationship between flammability and alkane length?

  Shorter fractions are more flammable
• What are some uses of alkanes besides fuel?

  • Solvents
  • Lubricants
  • Detergents
  • Polymers for plastics
• What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes?

  Alkenes have a carbon-carbon double bond
• What is a functional group in alkenes?

  C double bond C
• Why are alkenes considered unsaturated?

  They have fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes
• How can you test for an alkene?

  Add bromine water and observe color change
• What happens when bromine water is added to ethene?

  It turns colorless as bromine bonds
• What is the product formed when ethene reacts with bromine?

  1,2-dibromoethane
• What is produced when an alkene reacts with water?

  An alcohol
• What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

  -COOH
• What suffix do alcohols end with?

  -ol
• What is produced when alcohols combust completely?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What happens during the oxidation of alcohols?

  They form carboxylic acids
• What is the name of the carboxylic acid derived from ethanol?

  Ethanoic acid
• What is the name of the polymer made from ethene?

  Polyethene
• What is addition polymerization?

  Joining monomers with double bonds to form polymers
• What is condensation polymerization?

  Joining two monomers with functional groups, producing water
• What is produced when ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid?

  Ethy ethanoate
• What is a polyester?

  A polymer made from alcohol and carboxylic acid