Classification

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Organism classification and evolutionary trees
• Why did scientists classify species into categories?

  To organize the enormous variety of species
• Who began to classify species in the 1700s?

  Carolus Linnaeus
• What are the two kingdoms Linnaeus divided organisms into?

  Animal kingdom and plant kingdom
• What are the categories Linnaeus used to classify organisms?

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• What mnemonic can help remember Linnaeus's classification system?

  King Phillip came over for good soup
• If given a classification of an organism, what might you be asked to fill in?

  A missing part of the classification
• What is the binomial system in classification?

  It uses genus and species names
• What is the binomial name for the zebra?

  Equus quagga
• What is the binomial name for the polar bear?

  Ursus maritimus
• What is the key fact about Linnaeus's classification system?

  It is based on observable characteristics
• What major advances in biology have occurred since Linnaeus's time?

  Microscopy and DNA analysis
• Who developed the three domain classification system?

  Carl Woese
• What are the three domains in the three domain system?

  • Archaea: Primitive bacteria in extreme conditions
  • Bacteria: True bacteria, e.g., in human digestion
  • Eukaryota: Includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists
• What type of conditions do archaea often inhabit?

  Extreme conditions like hot springs
• What do evolutionary trees show?

  How closely related organisms are
• What data can scientists use to create evolutionary trees for living organisms?

  Classification data and DNA
• What do scientists use for extinct organisms when creating evolutionary trees?

  Fossils
• What problem can arise when using fossils for evolutionary trees?

  Incomplete fossil records
• How do species relate to each other in an evolutionary tree?

  • Closely related species share a recent common ancestor
  • Distantly related species share a more ancient common ancestor
• What is a common feature of species one, two, and three in an evolutionary tree?

  They share a common ancestor