ao1

• what is the ID

  present from birth

  operates on the unconscious mind alone

  operates on the pleasure principle

  demands gratification

  irrational and selfish part of the personality
• what is the ego


  develops at 2 years old

  conscious and unconscious mind

  operates on the reality principle

  awareness of the realities of the external world

  rational part of the personality

  mediates between the id and the superego
• what is the superego

  develops between 3-6 years

  conscious and unconscious mind

  operates on the morality principle

  internalised sense of right and wrong

  passed onto us from our same sex parent

  represents moral standards
• define denial


  refusing to acknowledge thoughts of feelings from the true source of distress onto a different target
• define repression


  forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind and into the unconscious mind.

  repressed thoughts influence behaviour even though the individual isn't aware
• define displacement


  redirecting thoughts or feelings from the true source of distress onto a different target
• what are defence mechanisms

  conflicts between the id and superego at an unconscious level

  defence mechanisms reduce anxiety by distorting reality
• what are the psychosexual stages

  oral

  anal

  phallic

  latency

  genital
• what is the oral stage

  0-1 years

  focus of pleasure: the mouth - child gains pleasure from suckling

  conflict: weaning from liquid to solid

  food- difficulties lead to oral fixation

  if this is not resolved:

  • smoking
  • sarcasm
  • overeating + drinking
  • biting nails
• what is the anal stage

  1-3 years

  focus of pleasure: anus - gains pleasure withholding and expelling faeces

  conflict: potty training - difficulties can lead to anal fixation

  early or harsh potty training can lead to anal retentive traits:

  • perfectionist/ obsessive

  late or liberal potty training can lead to anal expulsive behaviours:

  • messy/disorganised
• who theorises about the psychodynamic approach

  Sigmund Freud
• what is the phallic stage

  3-6 years

  focus of pleasure is the genital area

  narcissistic reckless
• what is the latency stage

  all previous conflicts are repressed
• what is the genital stage

  sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

  difficulty forming heterosexual relationships